According to John Murdoch, CEO of Alfacon Solutions, "Material flow is essentially mapping the journey that materials take from the time the material is received at the manufacturing site to the point when customers actually receive the finished product. The material flow must be recorded at various stages throughout its journey. The creation of value stream map (VSM) identifies waste and identifies bottlenecks. Far more than simple conveyors, many engineer-to-order solutions combine best-practice, lean manufacturing technologies allowing manufacturers to view the amount of stocks, materials, and components that are stored at any particular time. Excess storage of components and raw materials require lighting, security, and additional resources which do not add value to the process."