
Avascular necrosis is a condition in which bone tissue dies due to reduced blood flow to bones. Avascular necrosis also is known as osteonecrosis, bone necrosis, aseptic necrosis, and ischemic bone necrosis. Avascular necrosis commonly occurs in body sites such as hip, shoulder, ankle, and knees. Avascular necrosis is basically two type's traumatic avascular necrosis and non-traumatic avascular necrosis. Avascular necrosis can be the result as reduction of blood supply due to fracture and dislocation of bone, excessive use of chronic corticosteroids and alcohol. Other conditions associated with non-traumatic avascular necrosis are sickle cell disease, metabolic bone disorders such as Gaucher disease etc. Therapeutic treatment and surgical treatment are available to treat avascular necrosis. Surgical treatment procedures such as bone grafting, osteotomy, total joint replacement, core decompression, vascularized bone graft placement are performed to treat avascular necrosis. Therapeutic treatment such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), osteoporosis drugs, cholesterol-lowing drugs, blood thinners are prescribed to treat avascular necrosis.