
The BMS manages batteries by controlling load environment, monitoring battery state and accordingly balancing the charging. Battery management system is useful for ensuring prolonged life of batteries, preventing battery damage due to overcharging and voltage fluctuations, managing optimal state of charging for the battery and facilitating BMS interfaces with host application to provide real-time information regarding battery health. BMS follows three types of topologies, which are distributed, centralised and modular. Distributed BMS has a single communication cable controller and battery; a cell board is installed at each cell. Centralised BMS has a single controller, which is connected to battery cells with the help of communication wires. Modular BMS has multiple controllers that handle certain number of cells and communicate with each other.