
Drug delivery includes formulations, technologies, methods, and systems used for transferring an active pharmaceutical ingredient into the body as desired, in order to safely accomplish its therapeutic effect. Gene delivery is a procedure employed to introduce foreign DNA into host cells. Rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes is increasing the demand for drug and gene delivery systems. According to JAMA Oncology, around 17.5 million new cancer cases were reported across the world in 2015. According to a WHO report published in 2017, around 1.0 million people died of HIV infection across the globe in 2016. Several advancements have been made in the field of drug and gene delivery systems such as nanoparticle technology, Prodrug formulation, liposomes & hydrogels, particle engineering & particulate systems, and three-dimensional printing (3DP) in order to attain sustained and controlled release of drugs.