
Ceramic nanoparticles are primarily made up of oxides, carbides, phosphates, and carbonates of metals and metalloids such as calcium, titanium, and silicon. Beneficial properties of ceramic nanoparticles include high heat resistance and chemical inertness. Ceramic nanoparticles are primarily used in biomedical applications. They are used as carriers for drugs, genes, proteins, and imaging agents in the biomedical field. Their characteristics such as size range, surface properties, porosity, and high surface area make them useful in the applications mentioned above. Ceramic nanoparticles have been successfully used as drug delivery systems against a number of diseases such as bacterial infections, glaucoma, and cancer. Nanoscale ceramics such as hydroxyapatite, zirconia, silica, titanium oxide, and alumina are made from synthetic methods. Physical and chemical characteristics of ceramic nanoparticles are modified before their introduction to biological systems. Unlike other materials, ceramic nanoparticles in the aqueous conditions generally do not swell or change. Biocompatibility of ceramic nanoparticles makes it ideal for applications in biological systems. Coatings using ceramic nanoparticles are anticipated to offer lucrative opportunities, especially due to their high resistance to wear and erosion, protection against corrosion, and significant thermal insulation. They are usually thin uniform layers with special properties that enable the coatings to be applied with good adhesion, flexibility, and corrosion resistance.