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Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, also referred to as infant respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by a particular condition often observed in premature babies, usually born about six weeks before their due dates. During this condition, lungs of the premature infants lose the ability to produce enough surfactants in order to provide oxygen to the body. Surfactants are liquids made up of fat and proteins and it helps the lungs to remain inflated so that infants can breathe in and out immediately after their birth. Hence, the prime cause for the prevalence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is the lack of surfactant in the lungs.

Petrochemicals are extracted from petroleum or natural gas and are an essential commodity that fuel our daily lives. They are the main components of several products such as adhesives, rubber, paints, cosmetics, fertilizers, plastics, and fabrics. The market for petrochemicals consists of several companies that produce organic compounds from petroleum and other fossil fuels.

Water shortage is biggest problem that is being faced by all developing as well as developed countries. Over the next few coming years, the shortage of water is expected to increase. Water desalination is a process of extracting clean water through the process of removing salt or saline from the salt water bodies. Desalination has now been practiced on large scale for more than 60 years. Continuous technological advancements have made this process more efficient and effective. The degree of salinity in the water is directly associated with the cost of desalination. Global corporations are selling and buying water rights at an extraordinary rate. Desalination equipment markets are majorly relevant to dry countries such as Australia and UAE which conventionally rely on the rainfall collection for providing drinking water.

Energy efficient windows are made through the process of insulated glazing or double glazing. These windows generally comprise of two or multiple glass panes separated by an air or a gas mixture. These windows are generally utilized to insulate the building against excessive heat transfer across the overall building envelope thus driving down heating or cooling requirements. The glass panes are separated by a piece called the "Spacer" which both separates the two panes of glass as well as seals the gas between them.

Transcatheter embolization and occlusion devices are used for non surgical procedures with minimal invasions generally performed by interventional radiologists or neuro-radiologists. Procedures through such devices involve introduction of emboli for selectively occluding the blood vessels. Embolization prevents blood flow to a particular body part or area to achieve effective shrinkage of a tumor or block an aneurysm. It is also used to treat various types of hemorrhages as well as management of malignant hypertension caused due to renal failure.

Automotive telematics is a combination of telecommunication and informatics used in road transportation, vehicular technologies and road and vehicle safety. Automotive telematics uses integrated systems comprising of electronic devices such as sensors, wireless communication technologies such as satellite navigation, mobile data and vehicle tracking and computer science. The sensors such as gyroscope, accelerometer, odometer etc. calculate parameters such as distance, speed, direction and detect surrounding objects. This information collected by sensors is send to the control unit over a wireless communication network such as radio, cellular or satellite. The control unit uses pre-programmed algorithms to process and analyze such information and take decisions pertaining to vehicle motoring. Such integrated systems provide functionalities such as transport feasibility check, automatic vehicle motoring and road safety.

Oxygen therapy is a medical treatment to administer oxygen in the patient's body through oxygen therapy devices. Oxygen therapy is performed on the patients who suffers from various respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Medical oxygen is contained in a metal cylinder and is allowed to flow through tubes. These tubes can deliver oxygen to lungs via three different modes:

Isosorbide is a white heterocyclic solid derivative of glucose, commonly used in medical applications and has also been tried and tested as a bio-feedstock. Isosorbide as a medical ingredient functions as a diuretic and is used in the treatment of diseases such as glaucoma and hydrocephalus. Isosorbide derivatives such as dinitrates and mononitrates are useful in treating coronary artery diseases such as angina pectoris.

Packaging refers to the technology of enclosing and protecting goods for various purposes like storage, distribution or sale. A bottle containing soft drink is called primary packaging because the bottle is in direct contact with the contents whereas a pack of bottles shrink wrapped for the purpose of transportation within the distribution chain is called secondary packaging. Packaging machine is a device that is used for primary or secondary packaging depending on various situations like the availability of floor space, costs, technology used by the machine and integrating capability with other available machines. It is the final step in manufacturing process and first step in the transportation process.

The particles of physical substances which are intentionally prepared with dimension ranges between 1-150 nm are termed as nanomaterials. Properties of nanomaterials may vary from particle of same materials with micron- or mm-scale dimensions. Nanomaterials can also be called as building blocks of nanotechnology in which physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials can be altered for specific applications. Technology in which nanomaterials are used offers extensive improvements in the field of cosmetics and personal care, nanomaterials used in the cosmetics and personal care differ from those used in other industries in their shape, molecular structure, their mode of usage and in their interactions with the environment and living world. These nanomaterials can be used in sunscreens, skin creams, hair products and oral hygiene products such as toothpastes and mouthwash. There are wide ranges of materials which can be used for preparing nanomaterials out of which zinc oxide, gold and titanium dioxide very common and used in different cosmetic products.