Dr Kai MacDonald MD has expertise and experience in treating the full range of brain-based illnesses, including attention disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma-based disorders, addiction, and substance abuse disorders. Regarding the latter, I am licensed to treat with buprenorphine (Suboxone) for opiate dependence. I have incorporated alternative non-invasive interventions when appropriate, such as Transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation (TvNS), ketamine treatment, and oxytocin.