
Nuclear wastes are generated during various operations of the nuclear fuel cycle. Moreover, industries such as mining, nuclear power generation, and various chemical processes in industries, defense, medicine, and scientific research produce byproducts that include radioactive wastes. These wastes can be in multiple forms such as gas, liquid or solid, with different amount of radioactive levels. The waste remains radioactive for a few hours and even up to thousands of years. Furthermore, based on the level and nature of radioactivity, radioactive wastes can be classified as exempt waste, low & intermediate level waste, and high-level waste.