
Gastrointestinal stents consist of stents that include trans-hepatic, esophageal, biliary stents, pancreatic and duodenal stents. The stents are used during colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, GI bleeding, and other diseases. SEMSs are considered to be the most commonly used mesh cylindrical stents with large diameter to treat severe gastrointestinal conditions. The gastrointestinal stents are positioned under endoscopic view with fluoroscopic imaging guidance. The different types of stents used in gastrointestinal include esophageal stents, duodenal stents, and enteral colonic stents. Biliary stents are being used to treat biliary infection cholangitis and biliary decompression during benign and malignant conditions since the 1970s. The major obstructions in biliary stents include malignant and benign strictures, stenotic sphincters, obstructed endoprostheses, and bile duct stones