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Russia's healthcare infrastructure will continue witnessing significant rise in number of orthopaedic patients as several bone & joint-related disorders are likely to be caused by people's eating & drink habits, their proactive lifestyles and the country's harsh weather conditions. Rising occurrence of joint-related ailments such as knee osteoarthritis in Russia are a result of people performing physical labour in severely cold weather conditions. This has necessitated the adoption of viscosupplementation as an ideal medical procedure for injecting lubricating fluid in bone joints during surgeries. An in-depth analysis of Russia's viscosupplementation market, conducted by Future Market Insights, projects that demand for three-injection viscosupplementation will gain traction over the next decade.

Brain tumors is one of the leading cause of cancer which is common among children and teenagers. Glioblastoma (GBM) is most common grade four tumor, is malignant and contains dead tumor cells. It is also called as Glioblastoma multiforme, it has variants of giant cell Glioblastoma and gliosarcoma found in cerebral hemisphere of brain. The exact cause of this tumor is not known but is also found in spinal cord and represents about 15.4% of all primary brain tumors. Glioblastoma is also difficult to treat because of number of different types of cells and thus combines various treatment plans combined. The drugs involved in treating glioblastoma are antineoplastic orcytotoxic drugs. There is significant development in chemotherapy drugs to treat the malignant tumors and each year there are new drugs in the market to overcome the blood-brain barrier.

Remote patient monitoring devices supports in monitoring of patient's physical condition. Patient does not need to visit the medical practitioner. Digital technology is used in remote patient monitoring devices to gather health and other forms of medical data to securely pass on to healthcare providers situated at different location for clinical review. The accuracy of remote patient monitoring devices allows reliable diagnosis, leading to a more specific and efficient treatment. Remote patient monitoring devices helps to reduce costs of hospital stays by continuing to monitor patient condition, irrespective of patient location and also it helps to reduce overcrowding at clinics and diagnostic centers. Remote patient monitoring devices systems are used for continuously monitoring important physiological parameters like, heart activity, body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate and other clinical conditions. Remote patient monitoring devices is based on real time data sharing which helps physicians to take vital decisions to ensure better patient treatment. Physician and healthcare providers are extending the use ofremote patient monitoring devices to enhance the excellence of patient care and reduce expenses by prognosis.

Newborn Screening also called Neonatal Screening is a procedure to detect certain harmful, genetic, developmental or metabolic disorders that may result in mental retardation or death if not detected. In some cases the symptoms or signs are not present but disorder can be detected therefore the screening is done so as to avoid the certain conditions that eventually could cause problems and treatment can be offered right on time to avoid outcomes of untreated conditions. Newborn screening includes a blood test, hearing screening and screening for critical congenital heart defects they are conducted to diagnose disorders such as newborn hearing loss, cystic fibrosis, maple syrup urine disease, congenital hypothyroidism, critical congenital heart disease, sickle cell disease and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Screening is done within a few days of birthor before leaving the hospital and in some countries there is second screening done at 1-2 weeks of age.

Digital radiography in literature and in practice are subcategorized on type of sensors into Computerized Radiography and Digital radiography. Digital radiography based on image conversion are two different types namely- Direct digital radiograph and Indirect digital radiograph. Out of many traditional systems available for projecting radiographs, digital radiograph sensors are being used globally. Thus, digital radiography sensor market has taken over other traditional radiograph market since 1990s and the trend is still being followed. In US out of all radiological examinations carried out, radiographical examination accounts 70% in both children and adults, thus digital radiograph sensors market holds a large market size and share.

Anti-freeze coolants are used in automobiles, HVAC systems, and heat exchangers to facilitate heat transfer process in adverse cold weather conditions. Also, they prevent overheating of the vehicle in summer. These are antifreeze agents or chemicals that are added in water in a certain proportion. This mixture is called an anti-freeze coolant. Antifreeze coolants ensure workability and performance of engines and heat exchangers. Chemicals predominantly used as anti-freeze agents include propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, methanol, and glycerol. Adverse cold climatic conditions and automotive demand from relatively colder regions across the world maintain stable volumes of demand across the world. Other applications of antifreeze coolants are found in aerospace, industrial applications, and the electronics industry. Typical application in aerospace includes development of anti-icing and de-icing materials.

Plastic additives are chemicals added in a polymer to modify its properties. The polymers used in plastics are combined with monomeric units and are not in their pure form, but are harmless. The objective is to improve the processing characteristics and properties of plastics and to enhance performance. These monomers are known as plastic additives and can be classified as reinforcing fibres, coupling agents, stabilizers, colorants, fillers, processing aids, flame retardants, peroxides and antistatic agents. Plastic additives enable safe handling of the plastic during the manufacture of finished products. The stabilizing plastic additives are halogen stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants and biological preservatives. Also, there are processing aids such as lubricants and flow controls.

Elastography is a medical imaging technique, like ultrasound and MRI, which is used to detect whether the tissue is hard or soft, depending on which the part is affected or stage of any disease can be determined. Transient elastography is a non – invasive test usually done to detect liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis or stestosis is stiffening of liver which is an indication for condition such as cirrhosis and hepatitis. Transient elastography is a technique which works on the principle of measuring the shear wave velocity and provides one dimensional image of the tissue. In this the wave passes through the tissue which creates a distortion in the tissue. An image is created due to motion of the tissues which determines the condition of the tissue. The transient elastography device uses ultrasound waves of 5 MHz and low frequency elastic waves of 50 Hz, whose velocity is directly related to elasticity. Transient elastography measures the stiffness of liver in volume which is approximately like a cylinder, 1 cm wide and 4 cm long, 25 – 65 mm just below the skin. The volume measured by transient elastography technique is 100 times bigger than a biopsy sample and is more accurate.

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are nano-sized tubes made up of carbon atoms. Their properties depend on how carbon atoms are aligned to each other in a sheet. It is gaining prominence in various industry verticals primarily due to its varied applications as well as its durability. It is 100X times stronger and 6 X times lighter when compared to steel. Research is underway to explore its market potential in the auto mobile and electronics industries. It is a multi-billion dollar investment in technology when compared to other synthesized nanomaterial.

Parkinson's disease is a central nervous system disorder affecting motor neuron activities, characterized by tremor, rigidity, dementia, depression etc. According to GDB 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators report, in 2013, 53 Mn people were living with Parkinson's disease while the disease caused 103,000 deaths globally. Risk of Parkinson's disease increases with age and the disease mainly affects person over 50 years of age. Treatment for the Parkinson's disease in mainly symptomatic and no curative treatment options are available. The main aim of the Parkinson's disease treatment is to provide control on signs and symptoms such as shakiness in hands, difficulty with walking, slowness of movement etc. Therapeutic approach for each person varies according to his or her symptoms. Treatment options include medication or surgical treatment. Levodopa in combination with carbidopa is considered as a gold standard for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. Surgical treatment options include deep brain stimulation and Carbidopa/levodopa enteral suspension therapy. However, surgical therapy is effective only for patients who have previously responded to Levodopa therapy. Some of the commercially available drugs for treatment of Parkinson's disease are Cycloset, Parlodel (Bromocriptine Mesylate), Requip (ropinirole), Rytary, Azilect, Northera, Stalevo, Comtess/Comtan and others. Over the past decade, great progress has been made in the treatment of Parkinson's disease such as identification of new therapeutic targets through genetic research, understanding the common mutations that contribute to Parkinson's disease etc.