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Chlorine is known as a very important industrial chemical and is used in half of the world's commercial chemical industries. Chlorine is a greenish yellow gas and is characterized by reactive nature and high expansion potential. This element turns into solid at -103°C (-153°F) and into liquid at -34°C (-29°F). Chlorine market is expected to see a surge in demand due to increasing applications such as bleaching of wood pulp during paper productions.

Dental Diagnostic and Surgical equipments comprise of those equipments which are used for the diagnosis and treatment of dental infections and other dental diseases. Increasing incidence of dental diseases and rising demand for minimally invasive painless surgeries are the major reasons cited to affect the growth of dental equipments market. Rapid aging population and growing demand for cosmetic dentistry are other factors anticipated to fuel the growth of this market. According the U.S Census Board, people older than 65 years represented around 13% of the total population of the U.S in 2009 and the figure is expected to grow to an estimated 20% by the year 2030. Furthermore, percentage of world's population above the age of 65 years is poised to double from 7% in the year 2000 to 16% in the year 2050. Hence, people over the age of 65 undergo dental treatments such as implants and periodontal surgeries more frequently than those belonging to younger age groups as a result of which rapidly aging population is directly widening the dental patient pool and act as a major driver for this market.

Clinical trials are research studies performed on humans to gain specific information about biomedical interventions such as novel vaccines, devices, treatments and drugs and thereby generating safety data. Clinical trials are regulated by health authorities and ethics committees.

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions are caused by combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. Waste materials including tires, municipal solid wastes, industrial process waste, etc. are the other major contributors of sulphur dioxide emissions. All the prominent industrialized nations around the globe have formulated regulations concerning mitigation of carbon and sulphur dioxide emissions. Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is a technology which removes sulphur dioxide (SO2) from the flue gas emitted from fossil-fuel power plants prior to its release into the atmosphere.

Heat recovery steam generator is an energy recovery heat exchanger, designed to recover the waste or exhaust heat from any power generation plant. Heat recovery steam generator produces steam by utilizing exhaust gas which can further be used for captive power generation or cogeneration. Heat recovery steam generator market is marked with number of players operating globally and regionally in component manufacturing, integration, designing, installation and service activities.

Food grade lubricants refer to lubricants that are used to maintain the food processing machinery, i.e. it protects the tools and machines from wear and tear. However, since many of them come into direct contact with food, these lubricants used in these machineries need to be different from the usual machine lubricants. In other words, they should not render the food unfit for consumption. With recent advances in the food processing industry, there is now much variety in the machinery used to process each food/beverage category. With growing concern over the food we eat, food processors need to comply with various regulatory frameworks like the Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points (HACCP). The standards vary from country to country. However, these are internationally accepted standards which are followed by food grade lubricant manufacturers. For instance, the non-profit public health and safety company, NSF International, along with USDA, has set standards for various food grade lubricants.

The convenience foods market is driven by busy lifestyles and ageing population. It includes a range of processed foods that has longer shelf life and are easy to use. The major attributes that consumers look for in convenience foods are ease of use, packaging, nutritional value, safety, variety and product appeal. These are prepared by adding various preservatives at specific conditions and few of them need an efficient supply chain and storage to retain their properties. Convenience foods save time and energy for preparing food at home or hotels. Technology and innovative packaging options have widened the food choices that are available in the market in various categories such as frozen, chilled, packaged foods, etc.

Artificial sweeteners are synthetically produced sugar substitutes that are sweet in taste. Some of the major artificial sweeteners include aspartame, acesulfame-K, monosodium glutamate, saccharin and sodium benzoate. Second generation artificial sweeteners include sucralose and neotame. Artificial sweeteners are also called "intense sweeteners" as they are many times sweeter than the regular sugar. For instance, neotame is 8000 times sweeter than sugar. These are potential alternatives to sugar as they add virtually no calories to one's diet and help maintain low blood sugar levels. Additional advantages reflect in pricing and labelling.

Antimicrobial additives can be defined based on their production, use, benefits, function and regulation. An antimicrobial additive is a chemical compound primarily used in the form of coatings, paints and mixed with plastic.

Cement is the most common binding material used in construction activities. Cement is mixed with crushed rocks, sand and water in specific proportion to create concrete. Admixtures are chemicals that are added to concrete at the initial mixing stage to enhances or modify the working properties of the mix. Concrete admixtures are primarily used to enhance the compressive strength, workability and durability parameter of the concrete and to reduce the water content in it. Admixtures are generally classified according to application as Plasticizers (water reducing agents), super plasticizers (high range water reducers), air entrainers, accelerators and retarders. Also, three types of admixtures very common in the market such as Lingo-based, Sulfonated Naphthalene Formaldehyde (SNF) and Sulfonated Melamine Formaldehyde (SMF) based and PCE (Polycarboxylate Ether) based admixtures.Optimum use of admixtures depends on several factors including the type and amount of cement used, working temperature of concrete and air and water content.