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An abrasive is a material that when rubbed against a surface, produces the desired surface finish and shape. Abrasives are usually minerals that are often available in a wide range of shapes, sizes and types. They are usually used to clean, grind, scour, abrade or remove the solid material usually by using impact or by the rubbing action. Abrasives are mainly classified as bonded abrasives, steel abrasives, coated abrasives, loose abrasives grain and raw super abrasives, among others. The abrasives material or the abrasives product finds various applications in industries such as electrical & electronics, machinery, metal fabrication and transportation among others.

Thermal insulation is the method of reducing heat transfer between adjacent environments and maintaining an ambient temperature indoors. Thermal insulation in buildings helps reduce the carbon footprint as it utilizes less energy to maintain a temperature and limits the conduction of heat to the external environment. Thermally insulated homes and buildings are less affected by external environmental temperature. Thermal insulation in buildings can be done using various materials such as fiber glass, foamed plastic, and mineral wool among various others such as cotton slag, wool slag, aerogels etc. Foamed plastic insulation materials include expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane and other forms of plastic.

Butyl glycol also known as 2-Butoxyethanol is a colourless, slightly hygroscopic, neutral, high-boiling, low-volatility liquid with a mild odour that is used as a solvent and starting material for many reactions. In addition to that, it is used as a solvent for aqueous coating systems (water-based paints). Butyl glycol belongs to the family of glycol ethers. Glycol ethers consist of two components, an alcohol and ether.

Butyraldehyde is a colorless, liquid with a pungent odour. It is produced by reacting propylene and synthesis gas over a catalyst (mostly rhodium). It is highly soluble in most common organic solvents, but scantly soluble in water. Butyraldehyde which is also known as butanal is used as a raw material for downstream organic synthesis of products such as n-butanol, trimethylolpropane, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and polyvinyl buthylal. These chemicals are in turn used to produce synthetic resins, rubber accelerators, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, crop protection chemicals, and pesticides among others.

Calcium ammonium nitrate is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and calcium carbonate (in the form of ground limestone). It is physiologically neutral. It is manufactured in granular form and suitable for mixing with phosphate and potassium fertilizers. In comparison with ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate has better physical-chemical properties, less water-absorbing and caking characteristics and it can be stored in stacks. It is most commonly used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer grade calcium ammonium nitrate contains 8% calcium and 21-27% nitrogen. It is a hygroscopic chemical and its dissolution in water is endothermic. The high lime content of the fertilizer considerably improves the fertility of the soil and therefore increases the growth and yield of the crops.

Dimethylolpropionic acid is a free flowing white crystalline solid which finds numerous applications in processing of water soluble resins. It is a key raw material in polyurethane dispersion for coatings. It finds several minor applications in polyester and resin industry. Polyurethane dispersions made up of dimethylolpropionic acid have low VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and provide the performance of polyurethane with the pliability of waterborne latex, this makes them environment friendly and technically compliant at the same time.

Dodecanol also called as Lauryl alcohol or 1-dodecanol is classified as a fatty alcohol. It is a colorless, tasteless solid with a floral smell. It is manufactured by hydrogenation of palm kernel or coconut oil fatty acids. The major use of dodecanol is as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of dodecyl sulfate and dodecyl ethoxylate. Additionally, it is used as a vital raw material in the manufacture of surfactants. It is also used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, lubricating oils, flavoring agents and as an emollient among other.

Dysprosium is a rare chemical element which has symbol Dy and has atomic number 66. It is never found as a free element, but has its presence in various minerals which include fergusonite, gadolinite, and xenotime among others. It is obtained from ion-adsorption clay ores of southern China. Dysprosium is a naturally occurring element which consists of seven isotopes among which 164Dy is the most abundant. It is has a metallic, bright silver luster and soft enough which can be cut with knife. Physical characteristics of dysprosium can be affected by very small amount of impurities. Dysprosium has the highest magnetic strength among other elements. In addition, holmium has the same magnetic strength as that of dysprosium. Production of dysprosium is done primarily from monazite sand which is a mixture of various phosphates. The applications of dysprosium include manufacture of laser materials, commercial lightning, studying chemical reactions, used in neutron absorbing rods in nuclear reactors and are widely used in various data storage applications that include hard disks.

The chemical compound 1,2-dichloroethane is commonly known as ethylene dichloride (EDC). EDC is mainly used to manufacture vinyl chloride monomer. It is also a major precursor to manufacture polyvinyl chloride (PVC). EDC is a colorless liquid which has an odour similar to that of chloroform. EDC is widely used as an intermediate for manufacturing various other solvents as well as other organic chemical compound.

2-Ethylhexanol is a colorless liquid, which is rarely soluble in water and highly soluble in organic solvents. It is industrially produced through aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, and subsequent hydrogenation of hydroxyaldehyde, which is obtained from the prior reaction. 2-Ethylhexanol is primarily used to manufacture low volatility esters such as dioctylphthalate. It is also used in low volatility solvents for resins, vegetable oils, animal fats, resins and petroleum derivatives. It has applications in coatings and is used in the extractant production of heavy metals. It can also be used as an octane booster when reacted with nitric acid.