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There are various types of parabens or para-hydroxybenzoic acid available. However, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and benzylparaben are the widely marketed parabens. The chemical substitution provides each parabens ester with different solubility and antimicrobial characteristics. As the length of the alkyl chain of the parabens increases the water solubility decreases and the oil solubility increases. Greater the parabens lipid solubility there will be greater penetration of the parabens through epidermis, which is a layer of skin. Parabens when applied to the skin partially get metabolized in the skin and in subciteanous fat by four carboxyl esterases. The carboxyl esterases metabolize parabens to para-hydroxybenzoic acid and their respective side chains. After the metabolism of parabens, they get easily absorbed in body. They are mainly produced by the etherification of the para-hydroxybenzoic acid with the proper mix of alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or n-propanol. Parabens find a wide range of applications in cosmetics, food and health care industries. They are widely used in products manufactured by cosmetics and heath care industry as it helps in improving the shelf life of various products.

Sodium sulfites include dry and liquid sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfate solution and sodium metabisulfite. These chemicals are majorly used in applications like paper, pulp and textile processing, food and photographic industries and in water treatment as reducing and precipitating agent.

Hydrogen cyanide is extremely poisonous liquid which boils at the slightly above room temperature. Hydrogen cyanide is weakly acidic and partially ionizes in the water solutions to form cyanide ions. Hydrogen cyanide has a faint, bitter, almond like smell that sometimes is undetected. Hydrogen cyanide is usually manufactured in large quantities at an industrial scale. Hydrogen cyanide is an essential and highly valuable precursor for the manufacturing of a range of chemical compounds from polymers to that of pharmaceuticals. Hydrogen cyanide is included among the chemical welfare (CW) list of chemicals that are known to be poisonous in nature.

Phosphate ester includes a wide spectrum of physical and chemical properties. Using the hydrolysis process alcohols can be easily separated from phosphate esters. Phosphate esters are a group of synthetic chemical compounds that mainly comprises of carbon, phosphorus and hydrogen. Phosphate ester is mainly found as essential biochemical in DNA and RNA of plant and animal cell. Phosphate esters are widely used in the manufacturing of insecticides, nerve agents and herbicides. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has listed phosphate ester as highly toxic to humans, wildlife and bees. Phosphate esters are widely employed for a wide range of synthetic as well as natural applications owing to the ease with which the organic groups can be linked with each other. Phosphate ester finds wide range of applications as solvents, plasticizers, and EP additives. Phosphate esters are common carriers of organic groups in several biosynthesis processes. The most commonly used phosphate esters include malathion, parathion, methyl parathion, diazinon, phosmet, tetrachlorvinphos, azamethiphos, fenitrothion and azinphos methyl.

Sodium sulfate is an anhydrous sodium salt of sulfuric acid found naturally as mirabilite. Sodium sulfate is primarily used for the manufacturing of detergents and used in the Kraft process of paper pulping. China is the largest exporter and producer of sodium sulfate. The demand for sodium sulfate from detergent applications is expected to show steady growth in the next few years, while the demand for sodium sulfate from paper and pulp processing is expected to grow at a slower rate. Sodium sulfate is mainly sourced from mirabilite, a natural source of sodium sulfate. Globally, China accounted for over two thirds of sodium sulfate production. Anhydrous sodium sulfate is produced in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uygur. The provinces of Sichuan and Qinghai are estimated to have large sodium sulfate deposits. China is also estimated to have one of the largest deposits of mirabilite and has recently set up new production bases in order to increase the production of sodium sulfate further and meet global demands.

Piperic acid is extracted from black pepper seeds. Piperic acid is obtained by carrying out hydrolysis of alkaloid piperine. Piperic acid is an essential intermediate used for the synthesis of compounds such as piperonal. It is also widely used to produce flavorants, perfumes, drugs, fragrances and other useful compounds. Piperic acid and piperine are also widely considered as an effective antimicrobial agent along with a natural antioxidant.

Mineral fibers are fibers made from either natural or synthetic minerals. Usually, the term man made mineral fibers refers to the synthetic fibers such as fiberglass, stone wool and ceramic fibers. Industrial applications of mineral fibers include thermal insulation, soundproofing filtration and germination. Mineral fibers are generally classified in two types namely synthetic mineral fibers and natural mineral fibers.

Global salt production has increased in 2013 after a decline in 2011 and 2012. The rise is attributed to reviving demand from the road de-icing and chlor-alkali markets on account of economic recovery in the U.S. and Europe.

Pyrethroid market is driven by their perpetual demand from household market as well as agricultural market. However, strict regulations over their usage quantities might hamper the market growth. New better variants that are less toxic to humans and animals can be an exploitable market opportunity.

The report discusses the evolution of the gypsum market over the years via comprehensive analysis of key demand determinants, supply side trends, resource procurement, and glaring industry bottlenecks.