It is widely known that bacteria build-up in the mouth can lead to tooth loss, halitosis and even more severe complications like Periodontal disease, but scientists have recently discovered a protein in bacteria that enable it to enter the bloodstream and infect the heart tissues leading to potentially fatal endocarditis. Microbiologists at the University of Rochester Medical Center have identified the protein, CNM, in Streptococcus mutans and are working to develop a screening protocol to find the microbe before it has the opportunity to cause harm. “Easily performed tests like a mouth swab or spit test can detect the bacteria, “ says Dr. Alex Farnoosh, “and identify which patients are vulnerable to the condition. This would allow myself and other dental professionals to take greater care of our patients and prevent potentially lethal heart problems.” Usually, S.mutans limits its activity to the mouth but in some cases it can also contain the protein CNM that gives the bacteria the ability to invade heart tissues by entering the bloodstream during a dental procedure or even vigorous flossing that causes the gums to bleed. Once in the bloodstream, a normal immune system usually destroys the bacteria but in rare cases in can travel to the heart and root itself in the heart valves leading to an inflammation of the heart valves also known as endocarditis.