Manufacturing production in the United States rose at a slower rate in April, hampered by input shortages as increasing COVID-19 vaccines and major fiscal stimulus released pent-up demand. The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) released a report in May that revealed record-long lead times, widespread shortages of essential raw materials, increasing commodity costs, and transportation challenges across industries. Supply chains have been greatly affected by the pandemic, with organizations and manufacturers continuing to struggle and satisfy rising demand rates due to the impact of COVID-19, according to the ISM. Worker absences, short-term shutdowns, and difficulty filling open vacancies could restrict manufacturing's growth potential, according to the report.