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An abrasive is a material that when rubbed against a surface, producesthe desired surface finish and shape. Abrasives are usually minerals that are often available in a wide range of shapes, sizes and types. They are usually used to clean, grind, scour, abrade or remove the solid material usually by using impact or by the rubbing action. Abrasives are mainly classified as bonded abrasives, steel abrasives, coated abrasives, loose abrasives grain and raw super abrasives, among others. The abrasives material or the abrasives product finds various applications in industries such as electrical & electronics, machinery, metal fabrication and transportation among others.

Bismuth is a chemical element that is represented using symbol Bi. Bismuth is a pentavalent chemical that resembles chemically with antimony and arsenic. In the earth's crust bismuth is twice as abundant as gold. Elemental bismuth occurs naturally and is a free element that is 86% as dense as lead. Bismuth is brittle metal that is silvery white in color when produced freshly. However, bismuth turns into pink tinge mainly after its surface oxidation. Bismuth is one of the most abundantly available diamagnetic elements and thus, has one of the lowest thermal conductivity among other metals. Bismuth metal has its physical property similar to that of tin and lead. Bismuth oxide is the most important industrial compound manufactured from bismuth. Bismuth oxide has a common starting point as that of similar to the bismuth chemistry. Bismuth oxide is naturally found as the mineral bismite, however, it is also obtained as a by-product from the smelting of lead ores and copper ores. Bismuth trioxide is widely used to manufacture the dragon eggs effects in fireworks as it is a major alternative for lead. Bismuth trioxide is commercially manufactured using from bismuth subnitrate. Bismuth subnitrate is manufactured by dissolving bismuth in hot nitric acid. Bismuth oxide is mainly found as a heavy yellow powder. Thus, bismuth is an essential raw material used to manufacture bismuth oxide.

Bio-wax is a group of water soluble organic polymers that are manufactured from bio-based raw materials. It is also manufactured as a byproduct of bio-diesel production process. The applications of bio-wax are cosmetics and personal care products, water protection systems,firelogs, infrastructure building and paints & coatings. Bio-waxis developed to replace petroleum based wax and synthetic olefins. Itis usually a low odor group of compounds that does not interfere with complexfragrance profiles. The uses and properties of bio-wax depend on its molecular weight and branching of polymer.

Biostimulant is a substance which is neither a plant nor a pesticide, but it has a significant impact on the plant health. It is an organic material which when applied in small quantities leads to plant growth such that the response cannot be endorsed to application of traditional plant nutrients. Biostimulants are mixture of microorganisms, plant hormones, enzymes, seawoods and trace elements. They are not fertilizers that are used for correcting any nutrient deficiency in plants but they enhance the water holding capacity, nutrient availability metabolism and increase chlorophyll production and antioxidants. They influence several metabolic processes which include photosynthesis, respiration, ion uptake and nucleic acid synthesis. They act in synergy with plant nutrients. Biostimulants have a variety of applications in the horticulture and agriculture. Due to its promising and emerging concepts they have attracted various segments in the agriculture and horticulture.

Polyamide is among the more dominant of engineering plastics with applications in various end-user industries including automotive, electronics, construction, sports equipment and consumer goods. Polyamide, also known as nylon occurs in nature in form of silk and wool and can be produced artificially through polymerization. Polyamide-66 and polyamide-6 are among the most dominant artificially made polyamide employed mainly in the production of fibers. Polyamides such as polyamide-11, polyamide-12 are employed primarily as engineering plastics.

Benzoic acid is a simple aromatic carboxylic acid which is a colorless crystalline solid. It's only known source is gum benzoic, through which the name benzoic was derived. Benzoic acid is a naturally occurring acid in plants that serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. Benzoic acid is a major precursor for the industrial synthesis of variety of organic substances. The salts of benzoic acid have application as food preservatives in the food industry. The esters and salts of benzoic acid are known as benzoates.

Bentoniteis a commercial name for clay mineral montomorillonitethat is formed by weathering of volcanic ash bed in the presence of water. It is an absorbent aluminiumphyllosilicate, essential impure claythat has varied names according to its dominant element. The respective dominant elements include calcium, potassium, sodium, aluminium among others. Along with bentonite, clay named tonsteinis described as clay bed of uncertain origin.Bentonite is used for many purposes, among which calcium and sodium bentonite are used for industrial purposes. In teprochronology and startigraphy, totally weathered ash fall beds are known as K- bentonite that consist of dominant clay genus illite. Other genuses of species that are found to be dominant are kaolinite and montomorillonite. Tonsteins are generally referred as kaolinite clays that are naturally related with coal.

Bamboo is a flowering perennial evergreen plant which belongs to the grass family. Among the grass family, giant bamboo is said to be the largest member of the family. Bamboos are known to be one of the fastest growing plants globally, owing to the rhizome-dependent system. It is considered to be one of the most valuable non-timber forest resources in the world. The products of bamboo have great potential to thrive in the American and European markets. They are notable cultural and economic significance in South East Asia, South Asia and East Asia, as bamboos are used as a food source, as a building material and as a versatile raw product. Good quality bamboo is stronger than steel and hence, it is used as weaponry and building material.Bamboo has wide range of applications that include non-residential, housing, pulp, rural usage, packing including basket, furniture, transport and other wood working industries.

Aromatic polyamine is an organic compound having multiple primary amino groups and some distinctive odor. Aromatic polyamines are typically used in flavored food, wine and other beverages. Other applications for aromatic polyamine include chelating agents and feedstock for other chemicals. Food & beverages application dominated the global demand for aromatic polyamines.

Dysprosium is a rare chemical element which has symbol Dy and has atomic number 66. It is never found as a free element, but has its presence in various minerals which include fergusonite, gadolinite, and xenotime among others. It is obtained from ion-adsorption clay ores of southern China. Dysprosium is a naturally occurring element which consists of seven isotopes among which 164Dy is the most abundant. It is has a metallic, bright silver luster and soft enough which can be cut with knife. Physical characteristics of dysprosium can be affected by very small amount of impurities. Dysprosium has the highest magnetic strength among other elements. In addition, holmium has the same magnetic strength as that of dysprosium. Production of dysprosium is done primarily from monazite sand which is a mixture of various phosphates. The applications of dysprosium include manufacture of laser materials, commercial lightning, studying chemical reactions, used in neutron absorbing rods in nuclear reactors and are widely used in various data storage applications that include hard disks.