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Bamboo is a flowering perennial evergreen plant which belongs to the grass family. Among the grass family, giant bamboo is said to be the largest member of the family. Bamboos are known to be one of the fastest growing plants globally, owing to the rhizome-dependent system. It is considered to be one of the most valuable non-timber forest resources in the world. The products of bamboo have great potential to thrive in the American and European markets. They are notable cultural and economic significance in South East Asia, South Asia and East Asia, as bamboos are used as a food source, as a building material and as a versatile raw product. Good quality bamboo is stronger than steel and hence, it is used as weaponry and building material.Bamboo has wide range of applications that include non-residential, housing, pulp, rural usage, packing including basket, furniture, transport and other wood working industries.

Bentoniteis a commercial name for clay mineral montomorillonitethat is formed by weathering of volcanic ash bed in the presence of water. It is an absorbent aluminiumphyllosilicate, essential impure claythat has varied names according to its dominant element. The respective dominant elements include calcium, potassium, sodium, aluminium among others. Along with bentonite, clay named tonsteinis described as clay bed of uncertain origin.Bentonite is used for many purposes, among which calcium and sodium bentonite are used for industrial purposes. In teprochronology and startigraphy, totally weathered ash fall beds are known as K- bentonite that consist of dominant clay genus illite. Other genuses of species that are found to be dominant are kaolinite and montomorillonite. Tonsteins are generally referred as kaolinite clays that are naturally related with coal.

Benzoic acid is a simple aromatic carboxylic acid which is a colorless crystalline solid. It's only known source is gum benzoic, through which the name benzoic was derived. Benzoic acid is a naturally occurring acid in plants that serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. Benzoic acid is a major precursor for the industrial synthesis of variety of organic substances. The salts of benzoic acid have application as food preservatives in the food industry. The esters and salts of benzoic acid are known as benzoates.

The chemical compound 1,2-dichloroethane is commonly known as ethylene dichloride (EDC). EDC is mainly used to manufacture vinyl chloride monomer. It is also a major precursor to manufacture polyvinyl chloride (PVC). EDC is a colorless liquid which has an odour similar to that of chloroform. EDC is widely used as an intermediate for manufacturing various other solvents as well as other organic chemical compound.

Polyamide is among the more dominant of engineering plastics with applications in various end-user industries including automotive, electronics, construction, sports equipment and consumer goods. Polyamide, also known as nylon occurs in nature in form of silk and wool and can be produced artificially through polymerization. Polyamide-66 and polyamide-6 are among the most dominant artificially made polyamide employed mainly in the production of fibers. Polyamides such as polyamide-11, polyamide-12 are employed primarily as engineering plastics.

Biostimulant is a substance which is neither a plant nor a pesticide, but it has a significant impact on the plant health. It is an organic material which when applied in small quantities leads to plant growth such that the response cannot be endorsed to application of traditional plant nutrients. Biostimulants are mixture of microorganisms, plant hormones, enzymes, seawoods and trace elements. They are not fertilizers that are used for correcting any nutrient deficiency in plants but they enhance the water holding capacity, nutrient availability metabolism and increase chlorophyll production and antioxidants. They influence several metabolic processes which include photosynthesis, respiration, ion uptake and nucleic acid synthesis. They act in synergy with plant nutrients. Biostimulants have a variety of applications in the horticulture and agriculture. Due to its promising and emerging concepts they have attracted various segments in the agriculture and horticulture.

Bio-wax is a group of water soluble organic polymers that are manufactured from bio-based raw materials. It is also manufactured as a byproduct of bio-diesel production process. The applications of bio-wax are cosmetics and personal care products, water protection systems,firelogs, infrastructure building and paints & coatings. Bio-waxis developed to replace petroleum based wax and synthetic olefins. Itis usually a low odor group of compounds that does not interfere with complexfragrance profiles. The uses and properties of bio-wax depend on its molecular weight and branching of polymer.

Antimony is a chemical element and exists in both metallic and non metallic forms. The metallic form is bright silver and brittle material. Non metallic form of antimony is grey powder. Antimony is a stable element in dry air and is inert toacids and alkalis. Antimony expands on cooling and is a bad conductor of electricity and heat. Antimony is among the oldest known element to mankind and has been used for varied applications since 4000 BC.

Nanotechnology altogether groups great technologies that deal with structures measuring less than 100 nanometers. Nanotechnologies are gaining great economic importance globally. Nanoparticles by means of new characteristics are being produced on a large scale since few years.A wide range of products consist of nanotechnological components or are manufactured using nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is used in a wide range of applications based on the functionalities and effects, which includes sensing technology, robotics, process technology, medicine and biotechnology among others.Nanocoatings, on a day to day basis are applied to a wide variety of materials such as plastics, metals, glass, textiles and ceramics among others. The definite properties of nanocoatings are dirt repellent, hydrophilic, conducive, colored, decorative, high chemical and temperature resistant among others. Coatings are the interface between the environment and product. They organize how the item interacts and what the consumer sees.

Amino resins are formed by the copolymerization of amino acids with an aldehyde. Based on the product types, amino resins are classified as urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde. Amino resins are thermosetting resins which exhibit properties such as excellent tensile strength, resistance and hardness. They are mainly used as molding materials. Amino resins offer excellent functions to base materials such as increase in coating hardness and solvent resistance when combined with alkyd resins, polyester resins, epoxy ester resins and acrylic resins. Amino resins are majorly used as adhesives in wood panels such as plywood, MDF and particleboard, among others.