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Radiation cure coatings are surface treatments which are either cured by ultraviolet or electron beam radiation. These coating products are obtained by the process of radiation curing which can be modulated to fit in a wide range of applications. Radiation cure coatings are used for a variety of materials such as wood, glass, plastic and paper. These formulations are widely consumed in adhesives, inks and electronics which are cross-linked by high-intensity electron-beam or ultraviolet energy sources. The manufacturing process for these coatings is considered instantaneous which requires less time as compared to conventional thermal curing processes

Recycled plastics are materials which go under the process of recovering waste plastic and reprocessing the material into useful products. In some cases, these finished products tend to be different in form from their original state. These plastics are also recycled during the production of plastic goods such as polyethylene bags and films. A part of these plastics is then bought into the main production operation. This trend has been practiced since the past few decades which have led to the production of certain plastic products amongst the most efficient operations. The global demand for plastic recycling has been rapidly growing over the past few years, where primary consumers of plastic packaging have started incorporating various recycled plastics in their products as part of the increasing focus towards recycling. Moreover, the industry for recycled plastics has been on the rise as prices for two of the major recycled plastics high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) continue to hold significant value in the overall plastic industry.

Repellents arealso known as insect repellents, substances or chemicals applied to clothing, skin or other surfaces for dissuading insects from the surface. They control and prevent the occurrence of insect-borne diseases such as West Nile, bubonic plague, dengue, Lyme, and malaria. Raw material such as ethyl hexanediol, metofluthrin, N-Diethyl-3-Methylbenzamide (DEET), and diethyl phthalate are used for making repellents. Based on their nature of application, repellents are sold as liquids, solids (sticks), pump sprays, creams and aerosols.

Sodium benzoate is a sodium salt of benzoic acid which exists when dissolved in water. It is one of the most widely consumed food preservative which is produced by the reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide. Benzoic acid naturally occurs at low levels in apples, ripe cloves, prunes, cinnamon and cranberries. It is also developed by the addition of benzoic acid to a hot concentrated sodium carbonate solution until the ceasing of effervescence, which is then evaporated, cooled and crystallized or evaporated to dryness, and then granulated. Sodium benzoate is used in a wide range of applications such as preservatives, corrosion inhibitors, fireworks and pharmaceuticals among others. Asia Pacific was the largest consumer for sodium benzoate, with China being the largest consumer in the world. It was followed by matured regions such as Europe and North America majorly due to demand for industrial chemicals and food preservatives.

Sodium sulfide is a water soluble and colorless salt that gives strong alkaline solutions. Sodium sulfide with its hydrates emits hydrogen sulfide smelling like rotten eggs, when exposed to moist air. Some of the commonly available grades of sodium sulfide include 60% of Na2S, by weight, which have a yellow appearance due to presence of polysulfides. These grades are marketed worldwide as sodium sulfide flakes whose solutions are regarded as colorless despite being yellow in color. Sodium sulfide is manufactured industrially by the reduction sodium sulfate with carbon, in the form of coal. The anhydrous salt is prepared in the presence of anhydrous ammonia by the reduction of sulfur with sodium. Sodium sulfide is also manufactured by other methods such as reduction of sodium sulfate by reducing agents which are gaseous in nature, absorption of hydrogen sulfide by sodium hydroxide, and the electrolytic method among others. Out of these methods, reduction of sodium sulfate has been the most common method to obtain sodium sulfate. In most of the industrial wastes, sodium sulfate is manufactured in large quantities. Sodium sulfate as a byproduct is made during the manufacturing of sodium dichromate, and is considered as a low grade sodium sulfate consequently having a limited distribution. Owing to this, the sodium sulfate produced is converted to sodium sulfide on account of its inability of its other uses as it contains highly toxic hexavalent chromium. This method of obtaining sodium sulfide by the reduction of sodium sulfate has been implemented by various economies.

Spandex, also known as elastane is a commonly known synthetic fiber widely used in the clothing and medical industry due to its exceptional elastic properties. Spandex is a copolymer based on polyurea-polyurethane which was first manufactured by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. The fibers of spandex are manufactured through various processes such as solution wet spinning, solution dry spinning, reaction spinning and melt extrusion. All the processes include the reaction with monomers to develop a prepolymer, after which it is reacted further through certain techniques to finally make the fibers. Among all the methods, dry spinning is the most preferred choice for manufacturing spandex fibers. Spandex fibers are significantly consumed in a wide range of textiles due to strength and strong elasticity as well its ability to return to its original shape after stretching as compared to ordinary fabrics. These fibers are especially incorporated in apparels such as skin tight garments, belts, competitive swimwear, cycling jerseys, leggings, gloves, activewear and athletic, aerobic and exercise garments. Spandex is generally mixed with synthetic and natural fiber such as polyester or cotton for clothing applications and contributes for a minimal percentage of the final fabric. In developed regions such as North America, spandex is mostly used in women clothing, and also accounts for a significant market share in clothing in economies such as the U.S.

Thiamethoxam are insecticides which belong to the class of neonicotinoids having a wide spectrum of activity against different types of insects. It is a systemic insecticide, absorbed quickly by plants and then transported to various parts of the plant, while also acting as a deterrent for feeding insects. Thiamethoxam becomes active through direct, and in the stomach of insects. The chemical interferes with transfer of information between nerve cells which makes the insets paralyzed. Thiamethoxam was initially developed by the chemical corporation, Syngenta AG. However due to a patent dispute between Bayer and Syngenta on account of the former already having the rights of other neonicotinoids, Syngenta acquired the worldwide rights to thiamethoxam as per a dispute settlement of USD 120 million in 2002.

Titanium dihydride is a non-stoichiometric chemical compound, generally known as titanium hydride. It is commercially available as a black/grey powder used for manufacturing Alnico sintered magnets. It is also used in the production of powdered titanium metal, metal foam, sintering of powdered metals and in pyrotechnics. Titanium dihydride is used in a variety of applications such as automotive, aerospace, ceramics and sports equipment.

Tyre inner tubes are the internal components of the primary tyre which are designed to sustain air pressure. Majority of the tyres which are used in motorcycles, bicycle, large vehicles such as tractors, heavy trucks, cars, and buses are designed for their application with inner tubes. These are made from impermeable materials such as synthetic, elastic, soft rubber for the purpose of avoiding air leakge and are torus shaped in nature. In addition, inner tubes which are larger in size possess the ability to be re used for other applications such as rafting and swimming. These tubes are large inflatable toruses which are manufactured for these applications while also offering a choice of decks, handles, fabric covering, colors and other various accessories, eliminating the protruding valve stem. Manufacturers such as Schrader International develop inner tubes for two wheeler vehicles which provide high performance to motorcycle tube tyres. The company provides valve vulcanization for inner tubes ensuring high quality rubber adhesion and leaks. Schrader International also provides inner tubes for other vehicles such as agricultural and industrial machinery, buses, trucks and cars.

Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) is an organic colorless compound which is made from the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst. It is an important chemical building material which is used in a variety of consumer and industrial products. VAM is a key ingredient for producing intermediates, resins and emulsion polymers which are used in wires, coatings, adhesives and paints.