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Human augmentation, also known as Human 2.0, refers to technologies that are used for bringing physical improvement in the integral parts of the human body. Technological advancements in IT have led to the introduction of a greater variety of implants and other technologies, which are used for human augmentation. In addition, genetic engineered human technologies also play an important role in the treatment of various diseases and disabilities.

Neuropathic pain results from damage or dysfunction of the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS). Pain can develop after injury to any level of the nervous system. Some of the major syndromes include postherpetic neuralgia, painful traumatic mononeuropathy, root avulsions, painful polyneuropathy, central pain syndromes, postsurgical pain syndromes, and complex regional pain syndrome. Most commonly prescribed medications for neuropathic pain include antidepressants (also known as tricyclic antidepressants), anticonvulsants (also called neuroleptic medications), and anesthetics. Major antidepressants include Nortriptiline and Amitriptyline. Carbamazepine, Valproic Acid, Felbamate, Clonazepam, and Phenytoin are the most commonly used anticonvulsants for the treatment of neuropathic disorders. Major anesthetics used to reduce neuropathic pain are Tocainide or Mexiletine and Idocaine. Antidepressants and anticonvulsants are the first line of treatment for neuropathic pain. The combination of these two medications is thought to be particularly effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Elder care service, also known as elderly care service, is the fulfillment of the special needs and requirements that are unique for older people. Major services assisted to older people include home care services, institutional care, adult day care, nursing home services, long term care and hospice care.

Electrophysiology is the branch of science which deals with the study of electric activity in the human body. It also involves in study of the production of electrical activity and the effects of that electrical activity on the body. Electrophysiology measures electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs of the body. In neuroscience, it measures the electrical activity of neurons.

Plastic surgery is a kind of cosmetic surgery and used for the restoration and enhancement of the aesthetic appearance of an individual. Plastic surgery can be performed on any parts of the body. It includes nose, eye, breast, neck and burned site of an individual.

A medical image enables doctors to view the current situation of the patient's medical conditions. Medical images are used for the visualization of the organs, body parts and tissues and facilitate physicians to diagnose and treat diseases. Various medical imaging techniques are used to visualize organs and tissues at their cellular level. Major imaging techniques include nuclear imaging, optical imaging and radiology. These imaging technologies are specialized in different therapeutic areas. For instance, the radiological method of image capturing is specialized in anatomical and physiological visualization of the human body. In addition, advancement in medical imaging devices makes image capturing technologies more easy and convenient to image viewers. For instance, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used in optical imaging techniques which helps in visualization of abnormalities at cellular level.

Surgical haemostatic agents and tissue sealant are used to stop bleeding during the surgery in the areas where cautery is difficult. Synthetic based tissue sealant and protein based tissue sealant are the type of sealants. Synthetic sealant helps in decreasing the risks of diseases and allergic reactions. Synthetic sealant don not contain any human or animal-derived products. Adhesion barrier are used to prevent fibrin formation bridges between the damaged tissues. Some of the types of adhesion barriers are film based, gel based and hydroflotation based adhesion barriers.

Healthcare information technology is growing at a significant rate due to increasing demand for better healthcare facilities and government initiatives in the field. Computer assisted surgical (CAS) systems refer to the healthcare information systems that are based on both information technology and surgical techniques. Use of computer assisted surgical systems brings accuracy in the surgical outcomes. These systems also help by reducing pain, medical costs and recovery period. Computer assisted surgical systems have applications in various fields such as orthopedics, neurology and gynecology. On the basis of types of products, computer assisted surgical systems market can be classified into surgical navigation systems, surgical robots and surgical planners & simulators. Of which surgical robots have the largest and the fastest growing market.

Food ingredients provide unique color, textures, nutrients, functionalities and flavors to the cooked or processed food products. Food ingredients are added to enhance taste and flavor to the processed food items. Specialty food ingredients are used by food and beverage industry to enhance taste and flavor to the processed food. Specialty food ingredients are able to meet customer's demands owing to their unique features including processing aids, coloring, preservation, emulsification and nutritional enhancement. Also, help in enhancing shelf-life, stability and texture of the food products. Specialty food ingredients are majorly sold to food processing industry including large food manufacturing companies as well as medium-sized companies.

Diabetes is the chronic condition associated with abnormally high level of glucose in the blood. Insufficient or non production of insulin in pancreas causes diabetes. Globally, the incidence of diabetes is increasing significantly and it is becoming a major burden. According to World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 221 million people are suffering from diabetes. There are large numbers of blood glucose lowering drugs. Saxagliptin is an oral anti-diabetic agent known as DPP IV inhibitor. DDP IV inhibitor is an enzyme helps in suppressing the release of glucagon. Saxagliptin is used for medication of diabetes, as to boost the amount of insulin in the body produced after meal. Saxagliptin is marketed under the brand name Onglyza. Saxagliptin acts on natural hormone in the body known as incretins. Saxagliptin has various side effects such as headache, urinary tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection and nasopharyngitis. Saxagliptin can also cause complications such as stroke and heart attack.