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Seat belt, also known as safety belt, is one of the automotive safety devices. Automotive seat belts are designed to safeguard the driver against the harmful movement at the time of collusion or sudden stop. Automotive seat belts main function is to reduce the chance of serious injuries or sudden death while driving the vehicle. Automotive seat belt reduces the force of movement and protects the individual driving the vehicle from getting serious injury during sudden collusion. Automotive seat belt is viewed as substitute of automotive airbag technology. While driving the vehicle, driver and passengers travels at the same speed. When the vehicle suddenly stops, people seating are still in the same velocity. Automotive seat belts apply opposite force and prevent the people within from colliding with the interior of the vehicle.

Cold chain involves proper logistic planning of temperature sensitive products through thermal and refrigerated packaging methods. The application of cold chain is mainly applied to chilled and frozen foods to increase their self-life and maintain quality standard for long duration of time. Cold chain specifically helps in maintaining the bio-chemical and physical properties of the frozen foods and regulating market price in off-season. It also helps to prevent the product from loss and reduce the waste, which ultimately increases the overall income of manufacturer or producer.

Automotive multi-wheel drive, also known as all wheel drive (AWD), refers to a specific class of vehicle in which all the wheels of the vehicle receive torque directly from the internal combustion engine (IC engine). The multi wheel drive automobile is based on an electro-hydraulic multi-plate clutch (or Haldex) technology. Multi wheel drive automobile are controlled through an electronic control system that react immediately to adjust wheel traction by changing the locking arrangement of the Haldex clutch. Haldex clutch can allocate up to 50 percent of the drive torque to any of the wheels present in a multi wheel drive automobile.

Ether carboxylate is one of the major sub-types of a carboxylate which is produced from the reaction of ethoxylated alcohols with sodium chloracetate. Its manufacturing process involves etherification where a carboxyl group-containing compound and a hydroxyl group-containing compound are reacted in an aqueous medium with the help of a rare earth element containing catalyst. The carboxyl group containing compound present in the reaction is one compound which is selected from carboxyl group containing epoxy compounds as well as unsaturated carboxyl group containing compounds. Ether carboxylates are widely used in personal care products, surfactants, admixtures applied in the construction as well as serve as the vital component of superplasticizers. As surfactants, ether carboxylate produces an ultralow interfacial tension (IFT) under high temperature and high salinity conditions. Their consumption in the textile industry is based on their electrolyte, alkali, and hard water stability as well as their good wetting and detergent properties. As compared to cold process soaps, ether carboxylates are less sensitive to hard water and more soluble in water. In addition, they impart good wetting and foam stabilizing properties as well as provide creaminess and mildness in the finished products. Owing to their property of being substantive to hair and skin, ether carboxylate exhibits a conditioned feeling to the human body. When combined with alkyl ether sulfates such as sodium laureth sulfate, they are used for manufacturing shampoos on account of their compatibility with cationic ingredients.

Dry laundry detergents are the products that are used in dry cleaning of clothes and textiles using a chemical solvent other than water. Different types of solvents are used in the process to improve cleaning where small amounts of detergent are added to the solvent essential for its functionality. These detergents soften the hydrophobic soils and prevent them from being redeposited on the clothing. Anionic and cationic dry laundry detergents are the two types of detergents majorly used in the industry, depending upon the design of the machine.

Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is an organic compound originating from dimethylaminopropylamine and coconut oil. CAPB serves as an amphoteric surfactant which exhibits a particular behavior of zwitterionic, having both cationic and anionic structures in one molecule. CAPB is manufactured in a two step batch process. Fatty acids hydrolyzed from coconut oil are reacted with dimethylaminopropylamine in an aqueous solution to give amidoamine, which is then reacted with sodium monochloroacetate in alkaline conditions to give CAPB. It consists of a carboxylate and a quaternary ammonium cation, available as a pale yellow solution and is widely used as surfactants and cosmetics. CAPB is considered one of most important secondary surfactants since its introduction in the personal care industry during the 1960s, and has become an essential component in surface-active formulas. The concentration of CAPB in personal care and cleaning products usually ranges up to 30% active matter. It shares a significant market share in cosmetic and toiletries owing to water-holding and moisturizing properties

The term toxoplasmosis refers to the infectious disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It may cause acute or chronic infection. Toxoplasmosis is caused by the consumption of improperly cooked mutton, pork, goat, or beef. It is also caused due to the transmission of T. gondii parasite through open wounds, contaminated raw meat, and food or dust contaminated with cat feces. These parasites are found in the kidney, bladder, and intestines of infected persons. In addition, it is transmitted by pregnant women to their developing fetuses through the placenta. The severity of toxoplasmosis depends upon the stage of pregnancy at which women acquires the infection. Infection results in premature birth or spontaneous abortion. Toxoplasmosis exhibits mild symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes and discomfort. However, in individuals with HIV/AIDS, it results in severe, life threatening, and recurring symptoms. Toxoplasmosis can be serious or fatal in fetuses, newborns, and people with weakened immune systems. Serology, polymerase chain reaction, and immunoperoxidase stain are some of the tests used to diagnose toxoplasmosis. Serology is used to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) in infected persons. Toxoplasmosis testing is a blood test used to check for the availability of antibodies for T. gondii. Hospitals, commercial or private laboratories, and physician offices are among the common users of toxoplasmosis testing.

Bone marrow is the flexible and spongy tissue present inside bones. Bone marrow transplantation is a procedure in which damaged bone marrow is replaced with healthy bone marrow stem cells. Stem cells are immature cells found in the bone marrow and produce blood cells such as red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. Damaged bone marrow causes diseases such as aplastic anemia, leukemia, multiple myeloma, immunodeficiency disorders, and lymphoma. Bone marrow transplantation plays a vital role in the treatment of blood cancers such as leukemia, myeloma, and lymphoma. The transplantation procedure requires chemotherapy, radiation, or both, before the transplantation. The procedure is completed through either of two methods: high-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and low-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy. High-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy damages cancer cells and destroys infected stem cells in the bone marrow and allows the generation of new stem cells in the bone marrow. In the second method, patients receive a lower dose of chemotherapy and radiation before transplantation. This method usually is used for aged patients and those with other health problems. There are three types of bone marrow transplantation: autologous bone marrow transplant, allogeneic bone marrow transplant, and umbilical cord blood transplant. In an autologous bone marrow transplant, the patient receives his or her own stem cells. In an allogeneic bone marrow transplant, stem cells are donated by another person. In an umbilical cord blood transplant, stem cells are removed from a newborns umbilical cord right after birth, which are stored in liquid nitrogen for their future use in transplantations. Some of the major side effects of bone marrow transplantation are mucositis (mouth sores) and diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, loss of hair, infertility, organ toxicity, and secondary cancers.

Scar is a mark on the skin which appears due to damage of skin. Some of the major causes of scarring are infections, injuries, surgery, inflammation of tissue, acne and others. Technological advancements in scar treatment rise in research and development activities, increasing consumer disposable income and growing consciousness about appearance are the main driving forces for the growth of scar treatment market. On the basis of type of scar, scar treatment market can be segmented into burn scars, post-surgical scars and others. Burn scars are also known as hypertrophic scars. Post-surgical scars treatment varies with the degree of scaring. On the basis of product, scar treatment market can be segmented into gels, oils, creams and sprays. On the basis of treatment, scar treatment market can be segmented into invasive surgical treatment, elastic wraps, gel sheets and laser treatment. Scar treatment products are the alternatives to invasive surgical treatments. Scar treatment can remove the scars which are caused by surgeries such as appendectomy and by aesthetic reasons such as reduction in the appearance of acne scars. Some scars are hypersensitive and have low ability to remove.

Chromium phosphate is a polyatomic ionic compound which either receives or donates electrons. The compound is also termed as orthophosphate of phosphoric acid or chromium salt which is insoluble in water. Different raw materials are used for manufacturing chromium salt such as ammonium dichromate, ethanol, orthophosphoric acid, and chromium trioxide. On account of its benefits, they are used in certain applications such as production of paints for coatings applied in corrosion protection and architectural purposes, and medical applications among others.