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Automotive chemicals are the elements applied in various segments of the automotive industry. Different products such as lubricants, adhesives, cleaning and maintenance chemicals, and coatings are used in the automotive industry for the purpose of increasing efficiency and preventing corrosion.

Hematology is the branch of medicine which deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of blood-related disorders. It diagnoses issues related to white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Hematology also deals with the liquid portion of blood known as plasma. Some blood-associated diseases are anemia, leukemia, myelofibrosis, blood transfusion, malignant lymphomas, and bone marrow stem cell transplantation. Hematology analyzers, coagulation analyzers, flow cytometers, and slide strainers are some of the hematologic instruments used to analyze blood and blood-related disorders. Hematology analyzers are highly specialized instruments used to count the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Hematology analyzers are made up of multiple analytical modules with unique sample preparation processes. They assist in the diagnosis of various diseases, such as infections, anemia, viruses, diabetes, genetic problems, and cancer. It also regulates plasma drug level for both therapeutic and illicit drugs. Fully automated hematology analyzers and semi-automated analyzers are the two types of hematology analyzer available based on the type of automation. Fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath with exertion are some of the common symptoms of blood disorders. Clinical testing laboratories, hospitals, and research institutions are some of the users of hematology analyzers and reagents.

Alnico belongs to the group of permanent (hard) magnets primarily composed of aluminum, nickel and cobalt. They are hard ferromagnetic substances which are widely used in temperature sensitive applications such as hall-effect and MR-based electronic and automotive sensors.They are also known as composite magnets which are usually manufactured from sintering or casting offering superior mechanical characteristics. Alnico magnets are made from the combination of aluminum, nickel and cobalt with small amounts of iron and other small elements that improve the property of the magnet. After rare earth magnets, Alnico is considered as the strongest permanent magnet. It is also used in various household appliances as well as for the production of horse shoe magnets.

Antimony tin oxide (ATO) is known as an alloy of tin oxide which is usually doped with antimony pentoxide. It exhibits significantly high conductivity with tin:antimony ratios being typically in a range of 80:20 to 95:5. Owing to their good electrical properties, antimony tin oxide has the ability to form nano particles which are further used in a wide variety of applications such as alloys and composites. ATO's morphology is spherical and appears in the form of blue powder, although their consumption can sometimes lead to serious skin and eye irritations. Some of the primary applications of antimony tin oxide include additives for plastics, electronic applications such as touch screen, textiles, and coatings, sunlight shielding, dispersing liquid for producing sunlight shielding solid as well as transparent substrate. The nano particles of these metal oxides possess several novel properties such as magnetic, optical and electrical from high surface to volume ratio and quantum size effect. These materials are applied across a broad range of applications in various high-tech technologies and industries owing to their exceptional optical and magnetic properties, which significantly depend on their shape, structure and size.

Aircraft tyres are one of the most highly engineered products having significant complexity which require large number of raw materials pertaining to steel, cord fabric, artificial and natural rubber and other chemicals. Aircraft tyres have cords which serve as the reinforcing materials in the tyre that provide dimensional stability, supporting the aircraft weight, as well as keeping the tyres in shape different road conditions. Aircraft tyres play a vital role in the performance of the aircraft. Various reinforcement constructions are needed for different types of aircrafts based on their applications and load bearing requirements. They have different requirements of tyre fabrics and tyre cords as compared to other modes of transport such as light and heavy commercial vehicles, two wheelers, agricultural vehicles as they work on different road conditions, where each tyre has a different load bearing requirement.

Pyrogens are lipopolysaccharides, in which the lipid part is pyrogenic in nature and the polysaccharide part increases the solubility of the pyrogen. Pyrogens are fever-inducing substances and are the products of metabolism of bacteria and viruses. However, it is the gram-negative bacteria that produce the most potent pyrogen. Pyrogen contamination can occur due to environmental factors, and through contaminated solute, solvent, apparatus, and container. The human body is capable of fighting the bacterial toxins it is exposed to in the environment through the skin. However, when contaminated drugs are injected into the bloodstream, the toxins bypass normal defense mechanisms. In such a situation, the white blood cells present in the body start releasing another form of pyrogen that causes high fever, which in certain cases may lead to shock and death. Rise in body temperature, chills, body aches, rise in arterial blood pressure, and cutaneous vasoconstriction are some of the reactions caused in the human body following the injection of harmful pyrogens. Pharmaceutical companies use pyrogen testing to determine the presence of bacterial toxins in medical and veterinary products. This process helps to detect the presence of microbes or their metabolites in intravenous solutions during manufacturing operations. The most common and oldest form of pyrogen testing is injecting drugs into rabbits. During this process, the substance is injected into the rabbit's ear to determine if the fever occurs. The rabbit pyrogen test is commonly conducted to detect the possibility of pyrogen contamination in injectable pharmaceuticals. However, the rabbit pyrogen test has some limitations. Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test, a bacterial endotoxin test, is also used to detect pyrogens. This test is carried out on pharmaceutical products used in parenteral dosage form, blood products and plasma fractions, vaccines, nebulizers used in respiratory therapy, and for the validation of dry heat sterilization. However, LAL test is more advantageous than the rabbit pyrogen test as it is less time consuming, more sensitive, less expensive, and easier to perform.

Leukocyte concentration, red cell concentration, plasma for transfusion, and platelet concentration, are some of the blood products, which are obtained from the processing of single donations of blood or plasma. In whole blood, red blood cells, leukocytes, and platelets are suspended within the plasma. Blood plasma is the liquid component of the whole blood, and makes up approximately 55% of the total blood volume. It is a complex biological material mainly composed of water with small amount of minerals, ions, nutrients, salts, and proteins in the solution. Human plasma is composed of protease inhibitors, protease, fibrinolytic proteins, coagulation factors, and anti-coagulant proteins. Human plasma is obtained through large scale processing steps known as fractionation, i.e. a sequence of process in which plasma is separated for medicinal use. Human blood plasma is obtained by separating the plasma from the whole blood or by apheresis.

Protein crystallography is a technique used to visualize protein structure and enhance understanding about protein function. The process of protein crystallography includes protein purification, protein crystallization, protein crystal mounting and protein crystallography. Protein crystallization is a process of formation of protein crystals. Protein crystallization technique helps to identify three dimensional structure of protein. Protein crystallization is used by researcher during drug discovery and development. In addition, the technique is also used in protein engineering, drug designing and other applications. Various techniques used during protein crystallization technology are ion-exchange chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gel-electrophoresis, x-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). On the basis of methods of crystallization, protein crystallization technique includes vapor diffusion method and high through-put method. Protein crystallization technique is used in various sectors such as biotechnology, pharmaceutical, chemical industries and others.

Adiponitrile or hexanedinitrile is a colorless organic liquid compound. It finds its major application as a precursor for polymer nylon 6-6 which is known for its high mechanical strength and hence finds an array of applications including conveyor belts, carpet fibers, and electro-insulating elements amongst others. Adiponitrile also finds its application, though to a much smaller extent as an intermediate for synthesis of corrosion inhibitors and rubber accelerators. The major market for adiponitrile is governed by its application in Nylon6-6 whose demand continues to sore across North America and Europe primarily due to automotive applications. Also the market for adiponitrile finds upward trend in Asia pacific countries like China, Malaysia and other south-east Asian countries chiefly due to availability of cheaper production facilities.

Color pigments are broadly classified in two segments: organic and inorganic color pigments. The market for inorganic color pigments is further divided based on their source as iron oxide, cadmium based pigments, chrome pigments and several others. Chrome pigments are largely derived from lead compounds and have a range of properties such as high color strength, high solubility, highly concentrated and non reactive making chrome pigments apposite for applications such as paints and coatings, inks, plastics, rubber, detergents and soaps, ceramics and polishes. The market for chrome pigments was initially dominated by North America and other developed regions; however there is shift in global trend largely due to increased environmental regulations over inorganic pigments. The current market for chrome pigments is largely dominated by China followed by North America and other countries across globe. Countries present in Asia Pacific such as India, Indonesia and Vietnam are expected to have a stable or upward trend for chrome pigments principally due to the low cost of chrome pigments and non-stringent environmental regulations in the region.