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Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) or nosocominal infections refer to the infections that are developed and affect patients during their hospitalization. HAIs control focuses on preventing, sterilization, cleaning, testing and treating infections occurring in the hospital's environment. HAIs control is an important step in hospital management. This is due to the fact that hospitalized patients have weak immune system and they can easily get infected by any of the microbes such as bacteria, virus and fungus and other less common type of pathogens causing HAIs. Also, use of non-sterilized injection equipment and other medical devices, contaminated air, water, food and medicines, reuse of disposable equipments, dirty wards and no proper biomedical waste management causes infections to patients and healthcare workers in the hospital. Nosocominal infections are also one of the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients. Some of the most common types of infections are bloodstream infection (BSI), pneumonia, surgical site infection (SSI), lower respiratory infections, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, traumatic wounds and burn infections, primary bacteremia and urinary tract infection (UTI). Burn units, emergency departments and intensive care units are the major infection risk areas in the hospitals. Understaffing and low levels of staff attentiveness and knowledge are some of the key factors that lead to poor infection control.

Clinical is referred as management of patients, both outpatients (at clinic) and inpatients (at hospital). Clinical nutrition in general term is known as nutrition for patients. Clinical nutrition main aim is to keep healthy nutrition balance of patients. Additionally, clinical nutrition keeps a check on providing sufficient amount of nutrients to the patients such as proteins, vitamins and minerals. Clinical nutrition products are externally provided to the patients who are unable to digest certain nutrients products. Clinical nutrition products help in improving metabolisms, digestion, absorption, transportation, storage and discharge from the human body.

A clinical decision support system is a part of clinical knowledge management technologies. It is an application which is used to analyze data to help healthcare providers make clinical decisions. A clinical decision support system can be used by nurses, physicians and healthcare providers to prepare and review diagnosis for improving final outcomes. These systems are designed to incorporate patient data and medical knowledge base. There are two types of clinical decision support systems, first is knowledge base decision support systems and the other is without knowledge based decision support systems. Knowledge based decision support systems implement rules to patient data with the help of inference engine and demonstrate the results to the end user. Whereas, without knowledge based decision support systems depend on machine learning to analyze the clinical data.

Gelatin and bone glues are collagen derived from animal sources such as bone and skins. Gelatin and its derivatives are obtained from porcine skin and bovine hide. Bone glues are obtained from the bovine bone and dried swim bladder of fish. The manufacturing process for gelatine includes inspection and cuttings, degreasing and roasting, acid and alkaline treatments, boiling, evaporating and grinding, flavouring and coloring and packaging. On the other hand, production process of bone glues comprises of the procurement of animal bones from slaughterhouses, tanneries, and meat packing companies and their subjection to washing, boiling under pressure, de-mineralization and extraction of collagen, and drying. These are used in pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, photography, breweries industry and book publishing. Gelatine is used for making capsules and for vitamin embedding and bone glues is used as an adhesive. Soft and hard gelatin capsules are two important types of gelatin capsules which are used in pharmaceuticals.

Cancer is a disease caused due to abnormal growth of cells. It leads to uncontrolled multiplication of cells into other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through lymph and blood system. There are various types of cancers such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, skin cancer and lymphoma. Globally, it is the leading cause of deaths. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women. According to World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012, approximately 8.2 million people died due to cancer. Similarly, according to American Cancer Society more than one million people suffer with cancer every year. Most cases of cancer are diagnosed and detected after a tumor is visible or felt. Tissue diagnostic plays crucial role for diagnosis, monitoring and management of cancer disease. Tissue diagnostics is also used for the diagnosis of next generation sequencing, decoding cancer molecular profiles and circulating tumor cells. Tissue diagnosis is done by fine needle aspiration cytology, open biopsy and core biopsy. The degree to which cancer has invaded the healthy tissue, stage and type of cancer can be determined with the help of biopsy. It helps to analyze the biopsy at molecular level to determine the course of treatment. Tissue diagnostics is used by pharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations, research laboratories and hospitals for the diagnosis of cancer. Some of the major tissue diagnostic tests are immunohistocheistry (IHC), hexatoxylin & eosin (H&E) and in situ hybridization (ISH).

Automation and control system is integration of IT technology with mechanical systems. These systems are used for reliable and standardize production system. Reductions of waste, effortlessness monitoring and packaging and speed production are some of the advantages of automated and control system. In automation various devices and instruments are attached with IT systems for improved results in automation. It is offering customers with improved quality with standardization and dependable products within the time and at inexpensive cost. Several steps are necessary for new production and development of active pharmaceutical ingredient products. In addition, production requirements in pharmaceutical industry are increasing day by day. In pharmaceutical and biotech industry automation and control systems are mainly used for manufacturing and packaging, to provide high product quality. It also helps the pharmaceutical and biotech industry by saving energy and improving efficiency in manufacturing and packaging.

Scar is a mark on the skin which appears due to damage of skin. Some of the major causes of scarring are infections, injuries, surgery, inflammation of tissue, acne and others. Technological advancements in scar treatment rise in research and development activities, increasing consumer disposable income and growing consciousness about appearance are the main driving forces for the growth of scar treatment market. On the basis of type of scar, scar treatment market can be segmented into burn scars, post-surgical scars and others. Burn scars are also known as hypertrophic scars. Post-surgical scars treatment varies with the degree of scaring. On the basis of product, scar treatment market can be segmented into gels, oils, creams and sprays. On the basis of treatment, scar treatment market can be segmented into invasive surgical treatment, elastic wraps, gel sheets and laser treatment. Scar treatment products are the alternatives to invasive surgical treatments. Scar treatment can remove the scars which are caused by surgeries such as appendectomy and by aesthetic reasons such as reduction in the appearance of acne scars. Some scars are hypersensitive and have low ability to remove.

Wound refers to a physical injury leading to disruption of normal structure of cells or tissues. Wound management technologies refer to the different technologies that are applied for proper management of that wound. It is done to promote healing and prevent further complications linked with wound. Wound management technologies market is driven by growing prevalence of chronic wounds. On the basis of different wound care therapies, wound management technologies market can be segmented into traditional wound care and advanced wound care. Traditional wound care technologies consists of absorptive dressings, composite dressings, gauze dressings, compression therapy and contact layers. Whereas, market for advanced wound care segment can be segmented into moist wound care, wound care devices and wound care biologics. Moist wound care technology consists of foam dressings, hydrocolloid dressings, alginate dressings and hydrogel dressings. Wound care devices consist of ultrasound devices, wound closure devices and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Wound care biologics segment consists of cell based therapeutics, collagen based therapeutics and skin replacement therapeutics.

Medical tapes, also called as surgical tapes, refer to the pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes that are used in wound management. Medical tapes hold the bandage or other dressing in a correct position over wound. Medical tapes have hypoallergenic adhesive which holds the medical tape firmly over skin. These tapes allow air to pass through them, thus do not cause any damage to skin. On the basis of adhesiveness, medical tapes market can be classified into single sided medical tapes and double sided medical tapes.

Color cosmetics are personal care products that help to enhance the appearance of the human body. Color cosmetics refer to the colorants and cosmetic ingredients used for make-up, skin care, personal hygiene, hair care, fragrance and oral care. Color cosmetics include products such as foundations, eye shadows, nail paints, powders, lipsticks, concealers, bronzers and other. On the basis of type of product, color cosmetics market can be segmented into face, eye, lip and nail and others.