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The increasing automobile production and changing customer preferences in the interiors of their vehicles have been driving the automotive interior materials market. The original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have been focusing largely on reducing the vehicle weight to increase their fuel efficiency which has been increasing their investment on the interior materials. Lighter vehicles consume less energy to accelerate as compared to their heavier counterparts. A 10% reduction in vehicle weight can increase the fuel efficiency by 6%-8%. The unstable global crude oil prices are compelling the manufacturers to develop low weight vehicles which have been creating demands for automotive interior materials market. Moreover, with the reduction in weight, the vehicles can carry additional advanced emission control systems, safety devices and integrated electronic systems without increasing its overall weight. Additionally, increasing interest of American and European user towards smart fabrics has been further adding up to benefit the automotive interior materials market.

Automotive batteries are rechargeable batteries that supplies electric energy to automobiles, most essentially for automotive SLI (starting, lighting and ignition) system. Automotive batteries also provide power to automobile accessories such as radio, music players, air conditioners, wipers and charging plugs. Furthermore, the battery also serves as voltage stabilizer by absorbing abnormal transient voltages in vehicle electrical system. Based on the chemical composition the automotive battery market is broadly categorized in five different market segment, lithium ion (Li-ion), nickel–metal hydride (Ni-MH), nickel–cadmium (Ni-Cd), gasoline and lead-acid. The energy density per unit weight (Wh/kg) is highest in Gasoline batteries followed by Li-ion and Ni-MH and is least in Lead-Acid batteries. Lead-Acid batteries are an aging automotive battery technology. Due to its simple or mature technology coupled with fluctuating lead prices in last few years, much of the automotives batteries research is focused on drifting away from this technology.

Chocolate is a sweet food or food ingredient sourced mainly from, cocoa beans. Some of the other ingredients of chocolate include sugar, emulsifiers such as lecithin, and additional flavors enhancer such as vanilla. It is commonly found in the form of a liquid, paste, powder or in blocks. Apart from the sweet taste chocolate contains antioxidants and minerals, which offers health benefits such as reduce risk associated with heart attacks and cancer.

A carton is a box or container usually made of paperboard and sometimes corrugated fiberboard. Liquid packaging cartons are available in different shapes, sizes and designs according to the packager's need. Liquid packaging cartons are generally used in safe storage and secure transportation for liquid products. The liquid packaging cartons market can be segmented on the basis of type of liquid product and geography. Different segments of liquid products include water, dairy products, soft drinks and juices.

Earthmoving equipment is referred to heavy equipment (heavy-duty vehicles designed specially for executing construction operation, mostly which involves earthwork operation). These heavy equipments are used in the construction industry to move large amounts of earth or to dig foundations and landscape areas. Earthmoving equipments are known with different name in different region such as heavy trucks, heavy machines, construction equipment, engineering equipment, heavy vehicles and heavy hydraulics. Earthmoving equipment operates through the mechanical advantage of a simple machine where the ratio between input force applied and force exerted is multiplied. Most earthmoving equipment uses hydraulic drives as a primary source of motion. Technically skilled worker are able to operate heavy equipment, these individuals are provided with special training before they operate any heavy equipments.

Body armor is a type of cloth used for protection with its main purpose is to absorb or deflect slashing bludgeon and penetrate attacks. Previously, only soldiers were only given license to use it but nowadays, it is also used by police, security guards and individuals in order to feel secure and protect themselves from attacks. There are two types of body armor namely soft body armor and hard body armor. Body armor is categorized on the basis of its capability to stop bullets. There are two well known standards of body armor. The international standard is set by a National Institute of Justice (NIJ) whereas UK standard is set by Home Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB).

Appliances that utilize different energy sources to heat water above its initial temperature in order to provide water in different range of temperatures are called water heaters. Water heaters works on the law of thermodynamic in which a source of energy is utilize to heat up water. Water heaters are widely in use in many domestic applications such as cooking, bathing, cleaning, and space heating. Water heaters also have wide application in the manufacturing industries such as chemicals, food and beverages processing industries and thermal power plants.

The solar water heater (SWH) uses solar energy to heat water. Solar water heater (SWH) is made of solar power collector panels and a water storage tank. It supplies hot water for various house hood activities such as washing, bathing and cleaning. Apart from the domestic use solar water heater is widely in use in commercial places such as hotels and public institutions. The innovation in the field of hybrid water heater is making it as one of the prefer choice among manufacturing industries. It is generally installed at the top of the roof in order to get sufficient exposure of the sun light.

Milk is an essential food in our diet because of its balanced composition of nutrients (proteins, lipids, glucids and minerals). It is used for the preparation of various food and beverage products. Dairy ingredients are food ingredients made from milk and are used in preparing various food products such as ice creams, chocolate, sports food, clinical nutrition, bakery-snacks, pork meat, ready-to-eat, prepared deserts and soups. Dairy ingredients are divided into various categories such as milk powder (dried form of milk manufactured by evaporating milk to dryness. Main purpose of drying milk is to preserve it as milk powder has longer shelf life than liquid milk and does not need to be refrigerated, due to its low moisture content), whey ingredients, milk protein concentrates & milk protein isolates (substance obtained by partial removal of non-protein constituents such as, lactose and minerals from skim milk so that the finished dry product contains 90% or more protein by weight) and lactose & its derivatives. Major end-users of dairy ingredients are bakery & confectionery, dairy, convenience foods, sports & clinical nutrition products.

Bioactive ingredients refer to supplementary bio-molecules that are present in foods to adapt one or more metabolic progression for superior health. Bioactive food ingredients are typically found in multiple forms such as glycosylated, esterified, thiolyated, or hydroxylated. Bioactive food ingredients are useful for numerous metabolic activities and for beneficial effects in various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, macular degeneration and diabetes. Bioactive ingredients are also helpful in anemia, rickets and malnutrition, which normally occur due to lack of balance diet and insufficient intake of nutritional foods.