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Eubiotics refers to the products that are used for maintaining optimal balance of microflora (eubiosis) in the gastrointestinal tract. It is essential for producing well-nourished animals. Eubiotics help in proper nutrient absorption required for normal working of the body. Rise in demand for animal protein products, ban on use of antibiotics and increasing living standards are the main driving forces for the growth of eubiotics market. On the basis of types of product, eubiotics market can be segmented into probiotics, organic acids, prebiotics and essential oils. Prebiotics and probiotics are the fastest growing segments in eubiotics market. Probiotics include lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Prebiotics include inulin, Galacto-oligosaccardes (GOS) and Fructo-oligosaccarides (FOS). Organic acids and essential oils include fumaric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, organic acids and lactic acid. On the basis of livestock, eubiotics market can be segmented into pork/swine, ruminant, poultry, aquaculture and others.

Trillions of microorganisms live in and on the human body. This collection of microorganisms is called human microbiome. These microorganisms include fungi, bacteria and archaea. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies has allowed for more comprehensive examination of these microorganisms and evolved intimate relationships with their hosts. Scientists and researchers recognized that the microbiome is responsible for metabolic and developmental processes, such as food digestion, vitamin synthesis and brain function, of the human body.

A vaccine is a biological preparation that contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is made from weakened and killed forms of microorganisms. Vaccines can be categorized into many types such as inactivated vaccines, attenuated vaccines, toxoid and conjugate. Cholera, influenza, hepatitis A, polio and rabies vaccines are inactivated vaccines. The global vaccines market is categorized on the basis of different diseases to be treated. Various diseases that are treated using H1N1 vaccines include influenza, meningococcal, cervical cancer, pneumococcal, hepatitis, measles, mumps, rubella and others. H1N1 vaccines refer to the medical preparation for treatment of swine flu. H1N1 influenza is an infectious disease whose causative agent is a variant of the swine H1N1 virus. H1N1 virus is an RNA virus belonging to the orthomyxoviridae family and infects nose lungs and throat. In addition to humans, this virus may infect different animal species such as birds, swine, horses and others. On the basis of its surface composition, H1N1 virus can be classified into neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. Hemagglutinin is used by the virus to bind to host cell receptors and allow the entry of virus into the host cell. H1N1 vaccines market is growing at a significant rate due to rise in elderly population which is prone to such infectious diseases. In addition, rise in prevalence of chronic diseases such as lung disease, asthma, neurological disorders and others. In addition, technological advancements in the field are driving the global market for H1N1 vaccines.

Packaging refers to a process of providing protection, presentation, identification information, convenience and compliance for a product during storage, carriage and display. In addition, packaging also helps manufacturers to differentiate their products from competitors. Pharmaceutical packaging is an essential part of pharmaceuticals product and drug delivery system in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical packaging protects products from physical damage, biological contamination and from all adverse external influences which can damage the properties of the products. Pharmaceutical packaging equipment includes primary packaging equipment, secondary packaging equipment and equipment for labeling and serialization. Pharmaceutical packaging equipment may be used for packing of solids, semi-solids, liquids and others. Pharmaceutical packaging equipment helps in reducing time for packaging of pharmaceutical products which helps to increase production and innovations in drug delivery systems and personalized drugs. Various packaging materials can be used for pharmaceutical packaging such as plastics, paper, glass and metals. Pharmaceutical glass packaging market is growing at a significant rate due to increasing demand for pharmaceutical products, technological advancements in the field. One of the major advantages of using glass packaging involves its inert nature.

Cardiovascular diseases, also known as heart diseases, are diseases of heart and circulatory system. Some of the most common cardiovascular diseases are hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cerebrovascular heart disease, ischemic heart disease and inflammatory heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease occurs due to high blood pressure. Major problems associated with hypertensive heart disease include heart failure, hypertrophy, coronary heart disease and angina. Rheumatic heart disease is caused by rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever occurs by preceding group A streptococcal infection. It is one of the most common acquired heart diseases in children in many countries of the world, especially in developing countries. Cerebrovascular disease affects blood vessels of the brain. Most common types of cerebrovascular disease are vascular dementia, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Ischemic heart disease is characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart. It is one of the most common causes of death in western parts of the world. Inflammatory heart disease occurs due to the infection of bacteria and virus. This type of inflammation is often associated with episodes of rheumatic fever and kawasaki disease.

Cervical spine is made up of seven vertebra bodies and is separated with the help of an inter-vertebral disc. Cervical disc helps in bending and side-ward movement of the neck. It also helps in stabilizing the neck and acts as a shock absorber. Cervical disc is damaged due to disc herniations caused due to trauma or degenerative disease. Neck pain, shoulder pain, headache and neurological symptoms, such as numbness, weakness and radiation of pain to both arms, are some of the symptoms of cervical disc herniation or degeneration. As the degenerative disc disease progress, there is pain, less flexibility and stiffness of the neck. Initially cervical disc disease is treated with the help of anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, cold/heat therapy and rarely spine injections. However, the surgical treatment is recommended when the symptoms continue after conventional treatment. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery are the most common and traditional type of cervical disc surgeries. Nowadays, total cervical disc is a surgical procedure, in which removal or replacement of disc is done from the artificial disc devices. The artificial disc device is attached between the two cervical vertebras after the removal of inter-vertebra disc to preserve the motion at the disc space. Total cervical disc replacement helps in maintaining normal neck motion, eliminates the need for a bone graft, reduces degeneration of adjacent segments of cervical spine and helps in returning to normal activity. Some of the risks associated with total cervical disc replacement are nerve injury, bleeding, infection, difficulty in breathing, failure to relief symptoms and stroke.

Drug delivery is a process of administering pharmaceutical compound through various routes in the body for therapeutic effect. Oral, injection based, transdermal and carrier based are some of the types of drug delivery devices. Injectable drug delivery provides rapid transport of drug in the body by bypassing first-pass metabolism. It also helps in administration of drug in unconscious and comatose patient. Injectable drug delivery is used in conditions such as hormonal imbalance, cystic fibrosis, auto immune diseases, pain, Wilson’s disease, hemophilia, hepatitis C and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency. Toxicity due to incorrect dosing, invasive and sterility are some of the disadvantages of injectable drug delivery system. Injectable drug delivery technologies are categorized as device technologies and formulation technologies. In addition, injectable drug delivery device technologies are further categorizes as conventional injection devices, self injection devices such as injectors and pen injectors and others such as micro-needles, blunt needle and nano-needle injections. On the other hand injectable drug delivery formulations are further categorized as novel drug delivery formulation and conventional drug delivery formulation.

Most of the infants are born normal and healthy at the time of birth and with no family history of disorders. Unfortunately, once symptom appears in child, they are often irreversible leading to severe health and developmental problems. New-born screening helps in identifying various diseases in early stages. New-born screening is a series of tests in which new-born is screened to detect and identify inborn abnormalities or defects or conditions leading to disability or death. New-born screening is essential for early detection, diagnosis and management as to prevent disability and death of the child. It is performed soon after the birth of the baby and used for the detection of genetic, developmental and metabolic disorders in new-born babies. Various tests such as dry blood spot test, hearing screening test and critical congenital heart disease tests are performed in new-born screening. These tests are done to screen various conditions such as sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, new born hearing loss, critical congenital heart disease, congenital hypothyroidism, maple syrup urine disease and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Blood test screening is done by taking few drops of blood from baby’s heel for laboratory analysis when baby is 24 to 48 hours old. The screening helps healthcare professionals to identify and take interventional steps before symptoms develop and prevent child from fatal disorder. Screening of conditions and cost of tests are different in different regions. New-born screening is categorized on the basis of technology as tandem mass spectrometry, electrophoresis, immunoassays and enzymatic assays, pulse oximetry screening technology, DNA-based assays and hearing screen technology.

The global sports nutrition market was valued at $20.7 billion in 2012 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 9.0% from 2013 to 2019. The market will reach an estimated value of $37.7 billion in 2019.

Biomaterials are combination of substances, synthetic or naturally derived, used in medical applications such as replacement of tissue and organ transplantation. Majority of biomaterials used in humans are synthetic polymer, as it minimizes the threat of disease transmission. Biomaterial minimizes debris generation and its biocompatible chemical composition, avoids adverse tissue reaction. Biomaterials assist to replace damaged tissue and improve body functions. Biomaterials are used for aesthetic and medical conditions. Damaged physically soft and hard tissues, due to pathological conditions are replaced with biomaterials, to increase the life expectancy of a patient. Biomaterials are effectively used for the treatment of tissue damage, dental problems, cardiovascular and orthopedic injuries, and bone cancer. The range of applications for biomaterials are immense; it includes ocular lenses, dentures, artificial skin, vascular grafts, artificial hip joints and substitute heart valves.