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Hepatitis B refers to an infectious disease that is caused by hepatitis B virus. Symptoms of this disease are not visible in initial stages and develop after few weeks only. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids of an infected person. This disease may even occur from the birth. Hepatitis B may be caused by blood transfusions, healthcare setting, sharing razors and dialysis. Hepatitis B vaccine refers to a vaccine that is developed for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis B vaccine consists of viral envelope proteins and hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg). Hepatitis B vaccine is produced by using yeast cells. Medication course for hepatitis B vaccine consists of two or three injections. These injections are given at a time interval of about one month. The first and second doses provide full protection against infection. Final or third injection is given to prolong the effect of hepatitis B vaccine. As a result of this medication, an immune system is developed in the patient’s body which produces an antibody to HBsAg. This antibody is called as anti-HBs. This antibody provides protection against hepatitis B infection. In addition, immune system memory helps to provide resistance against hepatitis B virus. The global market for hepatitis B vaccine is growing at a significant rate due to increasing number of cases with hepatitis B infection. In addition, growing population and growing awareness for improved healthcare facilities is increasing the global market for hepatitis B vaccine. Various types of hepatitis B vaccines are available in the market, such as recombinant DNA vaccines that is produced by insertion of hepatitis B virus.

Swimwear and beachwear is a part of clothing designed to be worn by the people who are involved in the water-based activity or water sports such as swimming, water polo, driving surfing, water skiing or during activities in sun as sun bathing. A swimsuit is needed to be worn as an undergarment in the sports such as scuba diving, water skiing and wakeboarding. There is wide variety of modern and stylish swimsuit available in the market which varies in size as well as quality. In western culture, men’s swimwear and beachwear are generally described as boardshort, jammers, swim trunks, briefs or "speedos", thongs, and g-strings while the women’s swimwear include one-piece, bikinis, or thongs. The major end-user segment of the swimwear and beachwear market includes men’s wear, women’s wear and children’s wear.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a nervous system disease which affects spinal cord and the brain. MS damages the myelin sheath. Myelin sheath is a term which exemplifies that material which surrounds and protects human nerve cells. This damage blocks messages between brain and the body and leads to the symptoms of MS. Some of the major symptoms of MS include thinking and memory problems, visual disturbances, problem in coordination and balancing of the body and muscle weakness.

Aviation security has been one of the key concerns in the aviation industry. The need for air cargo security and screening systems has become even more pronounced after the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center. The customary security and screening practice in this area include physical inspection and canine methods (detection through trained dogs) which are not error-free. The new technologies in this area reduce the potential threats from terrorist activities and ensure safety by tracking explosives inside the air cargo. The air cargo industry and international and national regulatory authorities have been continuously making efforts to increase the screening levels of the air cargos with minimum of shipping hindrance through known shipper programs. These programs allow known shippers to screen their own cargo and check that they adhere to a common set of standards.

Mechanical ventilator is a device which is used in the management of patient’s breathing problems. It is the last choice for a patient who is suffering from breathing problems and cannot maintain adequate oxygenation to maintain life. Mechanical ventilators are mainly used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), apnea, acute lung injury and hypoxemia.

Domestic heating appliance is a device or system which is used to produce heat to accomplish various tasks. It also acts as a combustion appliance and having heat generation capacity up to 50 kW. Several domestic heating appliances includes heater, condensing boiler, heat spreader, hot water storage tank, fan heater, geysers, electric Iron, furnace, stoves, oil burner, radiator, space heater, solar water heater, immersion rods and wood-burning stove. Domestic heating appliances are used for both residential and commercial purposes. Global domestic heating appliances market is segmented into electric storage heating radiators, soil heating, non-electric heaters and electric heating resistors. Among various segment soil heating and electric storage heating radiators together hold the largest market share and accounts more than 40.0% share in domestic heating appliances market. Growing economy in developing country is one of the key factors for the growth of domestic heating appliances market.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) refers to the recording of electrical signals for detecting the abnormalities related to electrical activity of the brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a painless procedure in which electrical signals record with the help of 16-20 electrodes that are attached to the patient’s scalp.

Biosimulation refers to a process involving simulation of biological processes with the help of computer sided mathematical models. Biosimulation is an integral part of systems biology and helps in clinical drug development, drug metabolism and modeling of complex biomedical systems. Need for reduction in the cost of drug discovery and development and risk of failure of drug molecule in the late phase are some of the main factors which help to drive the market. On the basis of application, biosimulation market can be segmented into drug discovery and drug development. Drug discovery includes target identification, target validation, lead identification and lead optimization. Target identification includes protein structure prediction, target validation includes protein modeling software, lead identification includes de novo design and lead optimization includes quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. Drug development includes pre-clinical testing, clinical trials and in-patient validation. Pre-clinical testing includes ADME/tox prediction, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models and clinical trials includes phase I clinical trial, phase II clinical trial and phase III clinical trial.

Medical electronic market is growing at a significant rate due to advancement in the technology and increasing population and growing lifestyle diseases. In addition, rising demand for personalization of healthcare systems is increasing the global market for medical electronic devices. Medical battery refers to an electronic device that is attached to the other medical devices for supplying electric energy to them. A medical battery consists of a cell or connected group of cells that are designed for receiving, storing, and delivering electric energy as required. It is based on the principle of converting chemical energy into electrical energy. It involves reversible chemical reactions and may be charged again by passing current in opposite direction. On the basis of difference in configuration, medical batteries are of many types such as lithium ion (Li-ion) battery, nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery, nickel metal hydride (Nimh) battery and alkaline-manganese battery. Various risks involved with the use of medical batteries are battery depletion, high internal resistance and battery leakage. Medical battery may be used with various medical devices such as pacemakers, infusion pumps and implantable cardioverter defibrillators. If required, more than one battery may be used for working of a single medical device. The global medical batteries market is driven by technological advancement in the healthcare facilities and improvement in the reimbursement scenario.

Peracetic acid (PAA) or peroxy acetic acid is a colorless and highly acidic liquid. Hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid are used as principal constituent in commercial manufacturing of peracetic acid. It is used in various products with concentration ranging from 5%-35% content. Peracetic acid is one of the most effective oxidizing agents after ozone. It is highly water soluble and does not produce any health and environmentally hazardous byproducts.