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Ethanolamine, also known as 2-aminoethanol or monoethanolamine is an organic chemical compound which is both primary amine (organic compounds in the functional groups that has a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair) and primary alcohol (alcohol having hydroxyl group connected to carbon atom). Ethanolamine is a corrosive, colorless, flammable, viscous and toxic liquids substance which is used in solutions and dispersions to scrub acids, feedstock material in the manufacture of detergents, emulsification agents, varnishes & polishes and other chemical intermediaries. Ethanolamine acts as a weak base compound (chemical base that does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution). Ethanolamine is the second-most-abundant head group substances for phospholipids. Ethanolamine is also used in messenger molecules such as palmitoylethanolamide. Ethanolamine is also referred as a class of antihistamines including carbinoxamine, clemastine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine and doxylamine. In 2012, more than one third of ethanolamines were used in the manufacturing of surfactants.

Domestic heating appliance is a device or system which is used to produce heat to accomplish various tasks. It also acts as a combustion appliance and having heat generation capacity up to 50 kW. Several domestic heating appliances includes heater, condensing boiler, heat spreader, hot water storage tank, fan heater, geysers, electric Iron, furnace, stoves, oil burner, radiator, space heater, solar water heater, immersion rods and wood-burning stove. Domestic heating appliances are used for both residential and commercial purposes. Global domestic heating appliances market is segmented into electric storage heating radiators, soil heating, non-electric heaters and electric heating resistors. Among various segment soil heating and electric storage heating radiators together hold the largest market share and accounts more than 40.0% share in domestic heating appliances market. Growing economy in developing country is one of the key factors for the growth of domestic heating appliances market.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common hormonal endocrine disorder. It is also known as Stein-Leventhal Syndrome. It caused due to formation of cysts on the ovary and don’t form sufficient amount of hormone to initiate ovulation. Some of the symptoms of PCOS are irregular ovulation, polycystic ovaries, excessive facial hair growth, skin problems, thinning of hair on the scalp, high level of androgens in the body and irregular or no menstrual periods. The symptoms of PCOS are not related to each other, so the condition is usually overlooked or undiagnosed. The cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome is unknown. Excessive insulin and low grade inflammation are some of the factors which may lead to polycystic ovarian syndrome. There are no specific tests for the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Physical examination, medical history, blood tests, pelvic examination and vaginal ultrasound helps in diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to control the symptoms and prevent long term complications. Some of the complications associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome are sleep apnea, infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, high blood pressure, uterine cancer, cholesterol and lipid abnormalities and type II diabetes. Treatment for PCOS is dependent on women’s age, symptoms and future pregnancy plans. Lifestyle modification, surgery and medications are some of the treatment for PCOS. Surgery is performed to increase the chances of ovulation. Treatment may also include acne treatment, tropical anti hair growth medication, birth control pills to regulate menstruation and insulin sensitizing medication. Spironolactone, metformin, oral contraceptives and eflornithine are some of the drugs used for the treatment of PCOS.

Body armor is a type of cloth used for protection with its main purpose is to absorb or deflect slashing bludgeon and penetrate attacks. Previously, only soldiers were only given license to use it but nowadays, it is also used by police, security guards and individuals in order to feel secure and protect themselves from attacks. There are two types of body armor namely soft body armor and hard body armor. Body armor is categorized on the basis of its capability to stop bullets. There are two well known standards of body armor. The international standard is set by a National Institute of Justice (NIJ) whereas UK standard is set by Home Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB).

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience caused due to tissue damage or illness. It is caused due to injury and various diseases such as osteoarthritis, chronic arthritis, diabetic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, stomach ulcer, fibromyalgia and cancer. It can be classified on the basis of duration as acute pain and chronic pain. Acute pain is sudden onset of pain where as chronic pain persists for long periods. Chronic pain is mainly caused due to aging conditions of bone and joints and nerve damage and injury. Pain is managed by a particular set of drugs to reduce the symptoms or treat pain. Pain process is complex and there are various drugs that provide relief by acting through a variety of physiological mechanism. Opioids are the most prescribed pain medication. These are narcotic pain medications containing natural and synthetic opiates. Opioids are usually used for acute pain, such as short-term pain after surgery. Morphine, Fentanyl, Oxycodone and Codeine are some of the opioids used for pain management.

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. Ovarian cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Epithelial tumor, stromal tumor and germ cell tumors are the type of ovarian cancer. Pelvic discomfort, abdominal pressure, urinary urgency, swelling, low back pain, loss of appetite, change in bladder habits and lack of energy are some of the sign and symptoms for the ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is diagnosed with the help of pelvic examination, blood test, ultrasound and other tests such as MRI, PET and CT. Lack of early warning symptoms and early diagnostic tests for detection are the major causes of high rate of death due to ovarian cancer. It is one of the common causes of cancer death in women. According to World Cancer Research Fund International, in 2012, 239,000 new cases of ovarian cancer were detected. Globally, it constitutes about 1.7% of all cancer cases in 2012. Inherited gene mutation, estrogen hormone replacement therapy, polycystic ovary syndrome and fertility treatment may increase risk of ovarian cancer. Some of the complications in ovarian cancer is it can spread to other organs such as abdominal cavity, pelvis and abdominal lymph nodes, bones, liver, brain and sac surrounding the lymph nodes. The treatment of ovarian cancer is based on the stage of the disease. The treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and biological therapy. Ovarian cancer is most chemo-sensitive cancer. The chemotherapy drugs are more effective when given in combination with radiation therapy.

Ophthalmology is the branch of medical science that deals with the management and study of anatomy, physiology, and diseases related to the human eye. Globally, the incidence of eye disorders and vision loss are becoming major public health issues. Some of the major eye diseases include age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract, bulging eyes, diabetic macular edema, ocular hypertension, retinal detachment, uveitis, and refractive errors. Cytomegalovirus retinitis refers to an eye disease caused by inflammation of the retina of eye. Cytomegalovirus is the causative agent of this disease. It is a herpes virus that attacks the photosensitive cells of retina. This disease spreads from one eye to another. Some common symptoms involved with cytomegalovirus retinitis are blurred vision, photophobia, blind spots and seeing floaters. If left untreated, cytomegalovirus retinitis leads to blindness. Cytomegalovirus generally stays in humans, however it stays dormant. It generally affects people with weak immune system such as HIV-positive patients. Medication for cytomegalovirus retinitis is available in various forms such as capsules, solutions, implants and tablets. The global market for cytomegalovirus retinitis treatment is increasing at a significant rate due to increase in the incidence of cytomegalovirus retinitis cases and growing awareness for different types of eye diseases.

Bone glues are adhesives derived from animal sources such as bone and skins. Bone glues are safe and eco-friendly collagen. Bone glues are obtained from the bovine bone and dried swim bladder of fish. The common procedure for the production of bone glues comprises of the procurement of animal bones and further treatment for extraction of collagen. Collagens are obtained through washing, boiling under pressure and de-mineralization of animal bones. Bone glues are biodegradable and also an alternative for conventional adhesives. There is no need to remove them once they are healed. Bone glues are used in orthopaedic surgery especially for the fixation of fractures. Gelatin, a form of animal glues is used for making capsules and for vitamin embedding. People suffering from arthritis use gelatine capsules as supplement. Gelatin also supports the growth of skin, hail and nail. It is also used for anti aging treatments. Some of the side effects of gelatine supplements are stomach problem, burping and bloating. Soft and hard gelatin capsules are two important types of gelatin capsules which are used in pharmaceuticals. Bone glues and gelatin are also used in food and beverages, photography, breweries industry and book publishing.

Starter cultures are normally consist of microorganism either present in activated or deactivate mode in liquid, dried or frozen form. Starter cultures are used for the metabolic activity to enhance physical and chemical properties of the product under fermentation processes. Fermentation process, also known as biopreservation in some part of the world, is one of the most cost-effective and popular method of food processing and preservation to meet the rising demand for processed or packaged food and beverages products.

Mobile emission catalyst helps in emission reduction from automotive and stationary engines from many vehicles such as cars, trucks, commercial vehicles and buses. It reduces emission of various gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon mono oxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and other gases which are produced due to incomplete combustion of fuel. Mobile emission catalyst can also operate at high temperatures range. Mobile emission catalytic converter contains a substrate or core with a honeycomb structure coated with catalyst materials. Mobile emission catalyst is formulated either by single metals or a combination of various active metals such as vanadium, platinum, rhodium, zeolites, oxides of tungsten, titanium and molybdenum. Mobile emission catalyst is mainly use in gasoline engines, diesel engines, motorcycles engine and utility engines.