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Transfer of heat is exchange of thermal energy between physical object depending on temperature and pressure. Transfer of heat works on the principle of “First Law of Thermodynamics”. The law states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed. Transfer of heat continues until the objects involved in the process reach a stage of thermal equilibrium (same temperature). Heat transfer fluid is used to avoid overheating of substances while the process of heat transfer is taking place. During heat transfer, the fluid is circulated through the mechanical parts of the object thereby transferring heat from higher temperature object to the lower temperature object.

Renewable chemicals or bio-based chemicals comprises variety of chemicals which are obtain from renewable sources such as agricultural feedstock, agricultural waste, organic waste products, biomass, and microorganisms.

Nucleic acid isolation and purification is a procedure of molecular biology techniques such as cloning, sequencing, polymerase chain reaction and others. These techniques have various applications in the field of genetic engineering, life science research, forensics and molecular diagnostics. In addition, mRNA isolation and purification, RNA isolation and purification, plasmid DNA isolation and purification, total RNA isolation and purification, and PCR clean up. Nucleic acid isolation helps in processing of more sample in less time, minimizes nucleic acid loss ad degradation and increases laboratory efficiency and effectiveness. It also helps in purification of nucleic acid. Column based, reagent based, magnetic bead based and others are some important technology used in nucleic acid isolation and purification. These are used by hospitals, pharmaceuticals, academic research, diagnostic centers, biotechnology companies and food testing and laboratories.

Cardiac POC is a medical test performed to diagnose patients. The cardiac POCs are blood tests including cholesterol and coagulation testing. These include brain natriuretic peptide tests and troponin. Troponin are used to analyse various cardiovascular conditions such as coronary syndromes, heart failures and acute myocardial. The cardiac POCs help in enzyme detection which is released during critical cardiac conditions such as troponin, lactate, dehydrogenase isoenzymes and brain natriuretic peptides. In addition, it also helps in detection of enzymes released during failure of the heart. Cardiac POCs are helpful in diagnosing specific diseases such as myocardial infarction and angina. Cardiac POCs provides accurate information related to the markers which are released during heart failure. These tests help in reducing turnaround time from testing to final results of the patient’s diagnosis. Thus, helps in providing effective treatment to the patients.

Lactic acid (2-hydroxy propanoic acid) is a colorless or some time yellowish, odorless and hygroscopic, sugary and thick chemical liquid. It is generally soluble with other liquids such as water and ethanol. It is found in abundance in nature. It is the most important acid ingredient of acerbic milk and a typical component of animals’ blood and muscle tissue.

An insulin pen is a infusion device used to pervade insulin to diabetic patients. Patients suffering from type 1 diabetes prefer insulin pen for their treatments. Insulin pen offers easier administration of insulin into the body. It provides more accurate dosages and less pain compared to vials and syringes and also preferred by clinicians and patients. Insulin pen helps in improving quality of life and reduces fear of hyperglycemia. Low cost of insulin pen increases its affordability among different age group of people. Most of the insulin pen comprises of two categories including reusable and disposable insulin pens. Prefilled insulin pen are disposable pen which are preferred by people for insulin infusion. Insulin pen needles are shorter and thinner than syringes. Insulin pen should not be shared as there is a risk of transmission of diseases such as hepatitis B.

Macromolecular biological catalysts are popularly known as enzymes. Enzyme helps in various metabolic activities which sustain life. Enzymes are highly selective catalysts which accelerate the speed of specific metabolic reaction, from digestion of food to synthesis of DNA in the human body. Enzymes are used in various environment friendly industrial activities owing to its feature such as efficient, selective, accelerate and speeding of chemical reaction by forming transition state complexes with their substrate which reduces the activation energy of the chemical reaction to some extent.

Nucleic acid is composed of large biological molecules and divided into two main types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA carries genetic information which helps in the development and proper functioning of all living organisms. A DNA segment which carries the genetic information is called gene. RNA converts genetic information from genes into amino acid sequences of proteins.

Image recognition is a technique for acquiring, processing, scrutinize, and sympathizing images. It gathers high-dimensional data from the real world in order to generate numerical or symbolic information. Image recognition uses disentangling of representational information from image data using replica created with the help of geometry, physics, statistics, and learning theory.

Physiotherapy is the science of healing and used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, musculoskeletal system disorders, sports injuries and pediatric diseases. Physiotherapy also promotes optimal health and functions of the human body. It involves the maintenance and restoration of the physical function which improves performance of the body. It is strongly recommended for people with degenerative disorders, physically challenged people, sports persons and those suffering from neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Physiotherapy is carried out by skilled healthcare professionals, known as physiotherapist.