ReleaseWire Connect

A dye sensitized cell, also known as dye sensitized solar cell, is a low-cost solar cell belonging to the group of thin film solar cells. A dye sensitized cell is based on a semiconductor formed between a photo-sensitized anode and an electrolyte, a photoelectrochemical system. Dye sensitized cells are usually used for converting sunlight into electrical energy across a wide intensity range by using a dye, which is absorbed in titanium oxide semiconductor. Dye sensitized cells are becoming increasingly popular as a renewable and cost-effective alternative to conventional solar cells. A dye sensitized cell has several attractive features such as semi-flexibility and semi-transparency, which offers a variety of uses, it is simple to make using conventional roll-printing techniques and majority of materials used are low cost . In the current scenario, dye sensitized cells are the most efficient third generation solar technology available. Dye sensitized cells can be a suitable option as a replacement for existing technologies in low density applications such as rooftop solar collectors, where the mechanical robustness and light weight of the glass result in a less collectors and act as an advantage for dye sensitized cell . However, the use of liquid electrolyte in dye sensitized cell design is a major drawback, as it has temperature stability problems. In the last 5-10 years, solid-state dye sensitized solar cells have been developed. In this case the liquid electrolyte is replaced by one of the several solid hole-conducting materials. During this period, the efficiency of solid state dye sensitized solar cell has increased from 4% to 15%.

Bioadhesives is a natural polymeric material which is used as adhesives (substance applied to the surfaces of materials that binds them together and resists separation) between two separate materials. Bioadhesives are mostly used to describe glue which is used to bind the substance and resist separation between two materials. Glue is synthetically (execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product) formed by using biological monomers (molecule that is used to chemically bind two molecules to form a polymer) such as sugars or by any synthetic material designed to adhere to biological tissue. Bioadhesives materials have the property to build durable interface between two classes of materials such as hard and soft materials, which are of disparate scale and exhibit certain characteristic which makes them different from synthetic adhesives. Protein and carbohydrate are the major substances used to make bioadhesives. Proteins (gelatin) and carbohydrates (starch) have been used as general-purpose glues by general public since ages.

Chemical exist in different form such as solids, liquids, gases or plasma and one form can be changed to another by applying temperature or pressure. Chemical reaction is used to convert one chemical substance into another. Chemicals are used nearly by every industry and economic sector of the country such as energy, oil and gas, agriculture and consumer and retail sector.

Ear, nose and throat are some of the most important parts of the human body. It is very essential to keep these parts function properly. There are many factors, such as aging and sinusitis, affect the normal function of these organs. ENT, one of the most important branches of medical science, primarily focused to diagnosis and treatment of the various problems associated with ear, nose and throat. In addition, various ENT devices are available for the diagnosis and treatment of these organs associated diseases. Some of the most common ENT devices are diagnostic devices, surgical devices and therapeutic devices. Deficiencies related to hearing, smelling and speaking are diagnose and treated by the help of these ENT devices.

Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depressive illness. Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood and activity levels of an individual. Some researchers and scientists have suggested that people with certain genes are more likely to develop bipolar disorder than others. Children with a parent and sibling who have bipolar disorder are much more likely to develop the illness, compared to other children who do not have a family history of bipolar disorder.

Autoimmune diseases are diseases that occur due to damage caused to healthy body tissue by the individual's own immune system. Immune system disorder either causes over activity or low activity of the immune system. Most autoimmune diseases are chronic and have no permanent cure. Agents such as bacteria, viruses, toxins, and blood and tissue from outside the body, produce antigens which can lead to autoimmune diseases. Antibodies produced by the immune system protect the body from the harmful effects of these antigens, which can affect multiple body parts or tissues. Autoimmune diseases result in abnormal growth of the organ, destruction of body tissues, and changes in the functions of the organ. The areas commonly affected by autoimmune diseases are blood vessels, connective tissues, joints, muscles, and red blood cells (RBCs). Addison's disease, celiac disease, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disorders, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis are some common autoimmune diseases. A person may suffer from multiple autoimmune diseases at the same time. Prevalence of autoimmune disease in women is more compare to men.

Chiral chromatography is a technique used for the separation of stereoisomer. The stereoisomer is an isomeric molecule that has identical molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms. They are differing only in the 3D orientations of their atoms in space.

Automotive batteries are rechargeable batteries that supplies electric energy to automobiles, most essentially for automotive SLI (starting, lighting and ignition) system. Automotive batteries also provide power to automobile accessories such as radio, music players, air conditioners, wipers and charging plugs. Furthermore, the battery also serves as voltage stabilizer by absorbing abnormal transient voltages in vehicle electrical system. Based on the chemical composition the automotive battery market is broadly categorized in five different market segment, lithium ion (Li-ion), nickel–metal hydride (Ni-MH), nickel–cadmium (Ni-Cd), gasoline and lead-acid. The energy density per unit weight (Wh/kg) is highest in Gasoline batteries followed by Li-ion and Ni-MH and is least in Lead-Acid batteries. Lead-Acid batteries are an aging automotive battery technology. Due to its simple or mature technology coupled with fluctuating lead prices in last few years, much of the automotives batteries research is focused on drifting away from this technology.

Coolant is used in almost all major automobiles ranging from small engine motor bikes to heavy duty commercial vehicles. Coolants are used for three major functions: cool down engine parts to avoid over heating during use of the automobiles; to maintain minimum temperature level of engine and avoid freezing when the vehicle is unused for long duration, especially in cold climates and to prevent corrosion of the metal machinery of the automobile.

Starter cultures normally consist of microorganism either present in activated or deactivate mode in liquid, dried or frozen form. Starter cultures are used for the metabolic activity to enhance physical and chemical properties of the product under fermentation processes. Fermentation process, also known as biopreservation in some part of the world, is one of the most cost-effective and popular method of food processing and preservation to meet the rising demand for processed or packaged food and beverages products.