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Implants are used to treat orthopedic, dental and spinal injuries. In many medical conditions, such as injuries and trauma, bone grafts are used to stimulate the growth of new bone which supports implants. Most bone grafts materials are derived from human and animal bones.

Urine sediments are solid materials collected at the bottom of the urine sample and are detected with the help of urine sediment analyzer. Urine sediment analyzer is an appliance used in the clinical setting to accomplish automatic urine testing. Urine sediment analysis is a non-invasive and reliable process of detecting renal or urinary tract diseases with the help of urine sediment analyzer. It helps in identification of physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine. Urine sediment analyzer helps in detecting red and white blood cell, infectious organism, yeast, crystals, epithelial cells, cast and bacteria. These are also used for detection of nitrite, pH, glucose, protein, ketone and bilirubin. Urine sediment analyzer helps in measuring chemical quality and quantity of urine with the help of computer controlled reflectance photometry. These models consists urine strip readers, a kind of reflectance photometer which can process various strips per hour. Urine sediment analyzer helps in detecting various diseases such as diabetes, kidney disorder, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, liver diseases and infection of urinary tract. Dipstick screening is the most common and cost effective device used to screen urine. A standard dipstick consists 10 different chemical pads and is made of plastics and papers. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis are two types of urine analysis procedures. Automated urinalysis using automated urine test strip is also used commonly in analyzing urine and it also helps in measuring calcium, blood glucose, ketones and protein. Urinalysis instruments are categorized into semi automated, fully automated and reagents.

Stevia is a natural, plant based, zero calorie and high-intensity sweetener. Stevia is a shrub, whose leaves are used as a sugar substitute. Stevia Rebaudiana is the most widely used variety of this shrub and it is mostly grown in Brazil and Paraguay. Around 40 years ago, the commercialization of stevia began when Japan started consuming it as a sweetening agent. Stevia remains stable under heat and thus can be utilized in processed foods. It is 200 to 300 times sweeter than sugar. Stevia measures zero on the glycemic index (a measurement carried out on carbohydrate-containing foods to measure their impact on our blood sugar), which is important in the diabetic market and benefits from growing consumer understanding of the value of low glycemic diet. Growing consumer preferences for all-natural products, together with increasing rate of obesity and diabetes, have created a huge demand for stevia. Due to its growing popularity as 100% natural sweetener, Stevia is giving tough competition to other high-intensity sweeteners such as aspartame, saccharin and sucralose. According to WHO estimates, stevia is expected to replace 20-30% of all dietary sweeteners in the future.

A dye sensitized cell is also called dye sensitized solar cell, is a low cost solar cell refers to the group of thin film solar cells. A dye sensitized cell is based on a semiconductor formed between a photo-sensitized anode and an electrolyte, a photoelectrochemical system. Dye sensitized cells are usually used for converting sunlight into electrical energy across a wide intensity range by using a dye, which is absorbed in titanium oxide semiconductor. Dye sensitized cell are becoming increasingly popular on the market as a renewable and cost-effective alternative to conventional solar cells. A dye sensitized cell has several attractive features such as semi-flexible and semi-transparent which offers a variety of uses, it is simple to make using conventional roll-printing techniques and majority of materials used are low cost. In the current scenario, dye sensitized cells are the most efficient third generation solar technology available. Dye sensitized cell can be a great option as a replacement for existing technologies in low density applications such as rooftop solar collectors, where the mechanical robustness and light weight of the glass, results in a less collectors and act as an advantage for dye sensitized cell. However the major drawback to the dye sensitized cell design is the use of liquid electrolyte, which has temperature stability problems. In the last 5-10 years, the solid state dye sensitized solar cell has been developed, which is a new kind of dye sensitized cell. In this case the liquid electrolyte is replaced by one of several solid hole conducting materials. During this period, the efficiency of solid state dye sensitized solar cell has increased from 4% to 15%.

BIPV glass refers to building integrated photovoltaic glass. BIPV glasses are made up photovoltaic cells, which are embedded between two sheets of glass. BIPV glass is used in various parts of the buildings such as roof, skylights, facades, spandrels, curtain walls. BIPV glass is also used in atrium roofing, where high level of transparency is not required. Various advance technology such as thin-film PV, OPV and DSC offers light weight and flexible BIPV glass. BIPV glass allows the entry of natural light and provides both thermal and sound insulation. They filter out harmful radiation and produce clean and free energy. Along with its conventional roles such as providing protection from noise, rain and shading, BIPV glass provide various other benefit such as electricity generation, light management, comfort and provide innovative architecture design to the building.

Stents are commonly used in the treatment of blocked arteries. They are tiny and expandable mesh tubes that hold arteries open and help treat coronary and peripheral artery diseases. Bioabsorbable stents are defined as fully biodegradable stents that completely disappear overtime.

Ambulance and emergency equipment refers to the medical equipment that facilitates patient care during medical exigencies, such as accidents and surgeries, helps prevent loss of life, and minimizes personal injuries. Emergency equipment can be found in laboratories and hospitals. Technological advancement, increasing incidence of accidents, and growing aging population are some of the main boosters driving the ambulance and emergency equipment market. On the basis of medical services, this market can be segmented into transportation equipment, equipment used for burn care, diagnostics and infection control equipment, blood and hemorrhage control devices, and respiratory, hypothermia, and cardiac equipment. On the basis of modes of transport, the ambulance and emergency equipment market can be classified into ground ambulance service, air ambulance service, and water ambulance service. On the basis of equipment, this market can be divided into advance life support (ALS) and basic life support (BLS).

Agricultural micronutrients are essential nutrients that regulate certain physiological activities in crops to enhance their quality and yield. Micronutrient deficiency results in decline in the growth rate, yellowing of leaves, and withering of buds in crops. Major agricultural micronutrients include zinc, manganese, boron, copper, molybdenum, and iron.

The advanced glazing systems market is expected to witness substantial growth in the coming years due to rising energy prices and uncertainties about future energy supply. Advanced glazing systems have recently gained importance owing to their ability to enhance total building energy performance, thus creating good business opportunities for companies. Benefits of these systems include passive solar heat gain, electric lighting power reduction, and view. The restructuring and refocus of the current and future construction market would continue to work in the favor of the advanced glazing systems market. In the past, code mandated building energy requirements were moderate and the majority of insulated glass systems could meet these basic performance demands. However, the demand for green and/or high performance buildings that mandate energy efficiency beyond code minimums is definitively on the rise. In most cases, the total energy consumption in every building has to reduce by 15% to 40% and this can be achieved with the help of advanced glazing systems. The shift from new construction to retrofit construction activity is also fuelling the advanced glazing systems market. New buildings represent only a small share of the U.S. building market, while retrofitting provides a huge market opportunity for owners, green builders, and energy service provider companies. In the current scenario, energy-saving green buildings hold around 5% to 8% share of the retrofit and renovation market by value in the U.S. By the end of 2014, it is projected to become 20% to 30%. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) is slated to substantially fund the renovation of federal buildings, which will further boost the market of advanced glazing systems. Several other firms, such as conventional window manufacturers and suppliers, metal companies, manufacturers of solar panels and solid-state lighting, firms would benefit from the growth of the advanced glazing systems market.

Butadiene is a colorless, non-corrosive gas with mild aromatic or gasoline-like odor. Butadiene is a simple conjugated diene and is a flammable gas. Butadiene vapor pressure is 2100 mmHg at 25 °C and the explosive limits are 2-11.5%. Butadiene is slightly soluble in water (735 mg/liter) and is soluble in a number of organic solvents such as diethyl ether, ethanol, benzene, acetone and polar and nonpolar organic solvents. The butadiene can be extracted from C4 hydrocarbons, dehydrogenation of n-butane, ethanol and butenes. The butadiene can be extracted from crude C4, a product from the steam cracker. A hydrocarbon used as feed in the production of butadiene determines the quantity of butadiene. Light feeds, such as ethane produce ethylene when cracked. On the other hand, heavier feeds produced the heavier olefins, butadiene, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Butadiene can also be extracted by the catalytic dehydrogenation of normal butane (n-butane). Butadiene from n-butane is commercially produced using the Houdry catadiene process, which was developed during World War II. Butadiene is also produced from ethanol. Smaller-capacity plants use ethanol for the production of butadiene due to the lower capital cost associated with it in comparison to others. 1,3-Butadiene can also be produced by catalytic dehydrogenation of normal butenes. This method was also used by the United States Synthetic Rubber Program (USSRP) during World War II. The process was much more economical than the alcohol route but competed with aviation gasoline for available butene molecules. The USSRP constructed several plants in Baton Rouge and Lake Charles, Los Angeles; Houston, Baytown, and Port Neches, Texas; and Torrance, California. Butadiene is a raw material that can be used to produce synthetic rubber. The tire industry is one of the main consumers of butadiene. Other applications for butadiene include plastics production and paper chemicals.