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A coating is generally referred to as the substrate, is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object. The new technologies in aerospace coating which provide significant value advantages to the aviation industry in terms of longer service life, light weight products and improved application efficiencies. Growth in the aerospace industry can be driven by an emergent middle class in emerging economies and more and more people being able to travel for leisure. To fulfill this demand various airlines are trying to adapt strategy accordingly. Resulted in the increase in demand for aircraft and associated services. Indirectly boost the demand for aerospace coating market. Research and development plays an important role in aerospace coatings market. The leading companies such as AkzoNobel N.V and PPG Industries Inc. of aerospace coating market focus on research and development in response to the market growth and rising demand from customers. The leading companies are investing huge amount for future advancements and improved technology for aerospace coating to reduce coating’s life cycle, engineered materials, improved performance and to meet the new demands coming from various types of end-user industries. For instance, PPG Industries Inc. launched Solar Heat Management (SHM) coatings. These coatings allow the reduction in air conditioning requirements while the aircraft is on the ground in warm conditions.

Non-melanoma skin cancers develop in the outermost layer of skin, known as epidermis. It is caused by increased exposure of genetic mutations, UV rays and ozone layer depletion. Non-melanoma skin cancer is mainly classified into two types. They are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma is one of the most common types of skin cancers. It accounts about 70% of all skin cancers. Basal cell carcinoma starts underneath of the epidermis. Basal cell carcinoma usually appears as a red or pink lump. It usually develops on ears, face and neck. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts 20% of skin cancer. It starts on the upper side of epidermis. Squamous cell carcinoma appears as a red lump which develops into tumors. This type of cancer usually appears on that parts of the body which are directly exposed to the sun. It includes hands, face, ears, lips and legs.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a nervous system disease which affects spinal cord and the brain. MS damages the myelin sheath. Myelin sheath is a term which exemplifies that material which surrounds and protects human nerve cells. This damage blocks messages between brain and the body and leads to the symptoms of MS. Some of the major symptoms of MS include thinking and memory problems, visual disturbances, problem in coordination and balancing of the body and muscle weakness.

A superhard material is a material with a hardness level exceeding 40 gigapascals. Superhard materials are highly incompressible solids with high electron density and high bond covalency.

Based on type, electric and hybrid cars can be charged in three ways namely plug-in charging, wireless charging and battery swap. The plug in charging can be done at home through the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) at home or at public EVSE stations where they have to pay for charging. In battery swap, the charged battery is swapped with the discharged one either manually or robotically from the rear of plug-in electric vehicle. Wireless car chargers are used in electric and hybrid vehicles wherein they are charged through an electromagnetic field created by an inductive pad when they are parked over it.

Ultra low cost cars are those costing between USD 2,500-USD 5,000 which are designed for the low income population of a country. The demand for ultra low cost cars can be seen mostly in the developing countries such as India, China, Malaysia and Vietnam. The volume sales are high in case of ultra low cost cars; however the profit margin per unit to the manufacturer is very low. The easy availability of vehicle finance is one of the key reasons for the growth of ultra low cost car market as the low income class families in the developing countries finds it affordable to pay easy monthly instalments instead of paying the whole amount at the time of purchase.

Global truck manufacturing market is increasing mostly due to the growing population and increasing industrialization which is leading to the growth of logistics. After the Second World War, the industry and commerce activities grew at a rapid pace in the key developed countries which pace up the growing truck manufacturing market. With the growing e-commerce industry, the demand for shipping has increased which in turn has been creating propelling the truck manufacturing market. New emission regulations have been leading to the old truck models needs to be dumped which is creating new demands for the truck manufacturing industry.

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience caused due to tissue damage or illness. It is caused due to injury and various diseases such as osteoarthritis, chronic arthritis, diabetic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, stomach ulcer, fibromyalgia and cancer. It can be classified on the basis of duration as acute pain and chronic pain. Acute pain is sudden onset of pain where as chronic pain persists for long periods. Chronic pain is mainly caused due to aging conditions of bone and joints and nerve damage and injury. Pain is managed by a particular set of drugs or devices to treat pain. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators, neuro-stimulators, analgesia infusion pumps and radiofrequency ablators are some of the pain management devices. Most of these devices block the pain gate mechanism, to block the passage of pain signals to the brain. Radiofrequency ablators destroys nerves by generating heat to block the pain signals, Similarly, neuro-stimulator devices uses mild frequencies of current to block the passage of pain signals. These devices help in treating various painful conditions such as cancer, musculoskeletal injury and neuropathic pain. Pain management devices help to reduce the risk of long term narcotics, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other pain relieving medications.

Meningococcal vaccines are used in the treatment of meningitis, septicemia, meningococcemia and pneumonia. Meningitis is characterized by inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This type of inflammation is caused by infection of bacteria, viruses and by drugs.

Facial rejuvenation is a cosmetic and medical procedure used to increase and restore the physical appearance of a human face. It also defined as a set of surgical procedures used to restore facial geometry and skin appearance of youths.